The full-field electroretinogram (ERG) is a mass electrophysiological response to diffuse flashes of light and used widely assess generalized retinal function. This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology Vision (ISCEV), presents an updated revised ISCEV Standard clinical ERG testing. Minimum protocols basic stimuli, recording methods reporting are specified, promote consistency diagnosis, monitoring inter-laboratory comparisons, while also responding evolving...

Abstract The electroretinogram (ERG) of the dark-adapted cat eye in response to brief ganzfeld flashes a wide range intensities was recorded after intravitreal injection n-methyl dl aspartate (NMdlA, cumulative concentration 1.3–3.9 mM) suppress inner-retinal components, and or L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (dl-APB, 1–3 mM; l-APB, 1.2 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3 dione (CNQX, 40–60 µM), all post-receptoral neuronal responses. Rod PII, ERG component arising from rod bipolar cells,...

The most sensitive response in the dark‐adapted electroretinogram (ERG), scotopic threshold (STR) which originates from proximal retina, has been identified several mammals including humans, but previously not mouse. current study established presence and assessed nature of mouse STR. ERGs were recorded adult wild‐type C57/BL6 mice anaesthetized with ketamine (70 mg kg −1 ) xylazine ( 7 ). Recordings between DTL fibres placed under contact lenses on two eyes. Monocular test stimuli brief...

We describe a new response in proximal retina of cat that is present under scotopic conditions, clearly differs from PII (b-wave and DC component) contributes negative potential at threshold to the diffuse electroretinogram (ERG). have termed this (STR). Extracellular potentials evoked circular spots light dark-adapted threshold, with dim backgrounds, were recorded microelectrodes placed intraretinally different depths. The (STR) consisted graded onset illumination maintained amplitude...

Spatiotemporal frequency responses were measured at different levels of light adaptation for cat X and Y retinal ganglion cells. Stationary sinusoidal luminance gratings whose contrast was modulated sinusoidally in time or drifting used as stimuli. Under photopic illumination, when the spatial held constant above its optimum value, an cell's responsivity essentially temporal changed from 1.5 to 30 Hz. At lower frequencies, rolled off gradually, higher ones it rapidly. In contrast, a low...

The International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) Standard full-field electroretinography (ERG) describes a minimum procedure, but encourages more extensive testing. This ISCEV extended protocol an extension to the ERG Standard, namely photopic negative response (PhNR) light-adapted flash ERG, as well-established technique that is broadly accepted by experts in field. PhNR slow negative-going wave after b-wave provides information about function retinal ganglion...

The clinical electro-oculogram (EOG) is an electrophysiological test of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in which changes electrical potential across RPE are recorded during successive periods dark light adaptation. This document presents 2017 EOG Standard from International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology Vision (ISCEV: www.iscev.org ). standard has been reorganized updated to include explanation mechanism EOG, but without substantive testing protocol previous...

The electroretinogram (ERG) of anaesthetised dark‐adapted macaque monkeys was recorded in response to ganzfeld stimulation and rod‐ cone‐driven receptoral postreceptoral components were separated modelled. test stimuli brief (< 4.1 ms) flashes. component isolated by delivering the stimulus shortly after a rod‐saturating background had been extinguished. rod‐driven derived subtracting from mixed rod–cone ERG. initial part leading edge ‐wave scaled linearly with energy when sufficiently low...

Abstract Glutamatergic transmission is crucial to the segregation of ON and OFF pathways in developing retina. The temporal sequence maturation vesicular glutamatergic rod cone photoreceptor bipolar cell terminals currently unknown. Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) that load into synaptic vesicles are necessary for transmission. To understand better formation vs. retina, we examined developmental expression VGLUT1 VGLUT2 immunocytochemically mouse Photoreceptor showed only...

In mammals, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate non-image-forming visual functions such as pupillary light reflex (PLR) and circadian photoentrainment. This photosensitivity requires melanopsin, an invertebrate opsin-like protein expressed by the ipRGCs. The precise role of melanopsin remains uncertain. One suggestion has been that may be a photoisomerase, serving to regenerate unidentified pigment in possibility was echoed recent report is also mouse...

purpose. To determine whether anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and compressive in humans alter the photopic flash ERG to investigate cellular origins of waves that are affected by pharmacologic agents primates. methods. Photopic ERGs were recorded differentially, with DTL electrodes, between two eyes 22 patients diagnosed (n = 17, [AION]; n 5, neuropathy) 25 age-matched control subjects 17 13 monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The stimulus consisted brief (<5 ms) red (λmax 660 nm) Ganzfeld flashes...

Purpose.: To determine retinal pathway origins of pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in macaque monkeys using pharmacologic dissections, uniform-field flashes, and PERG simulations. Methods.: Transient (2 Hz, 4 reversals/s) steady state (8.3 16.6 PERGs ERGs were recorded before after intravitreal injections l-AP4 (not APB) (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, 1.6–2.0 mM), to prevent ON responses; PDA (cis-2,3-piperidinedicarboxylic 3.3–3.8 block activity hyperpolarizing second- all third-order...

purpose. To investigate the relationship between visual function, measured by standard automated perimetry (SAP), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optical coherence tomography (OCT), in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). methods. SAP RNFL thickness were MS 28 eyes last optic neuritis (ON) ≥6 months prior (ON group) 33 without ON history (non-ON group). Abnormal overall or quadrant was defined values below 5% of norm. A whole field a sector classified as abnormal using...

To determine flash and background colors that best isolate the photopic negative response (PhNR) maximize its amplitude in primate ERG.Photopic full-field ERGs were recorded from anesthetized macaque monkeys before after pharmacologic blockade of Na(+)-dependent spiking activity with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 to 2 muM, n = 3), ionotropic glutamatergic transmission cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylic acid (PDA, 3.3-3.8 mM, 3) or laser-induced monocular experimental glaucoma (n 6), six normal human...

Background: Neurodegeneration plays an important role in permanent disability multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine whether progressive neurodegeneration occurs MS eyes without clinically evident inflammation. Methods: Retinal nerve fiver layer thickness (RNFLT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform (GCIPT) were measured using Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) 133 relapsing–remitting (RRMS) patients (149 non-optic neuritis (ON), 97 ON eyes, last...