The frontal lobe projections of the mediodorsal (MD) nucleus thalamus were examined in rhesus monkey by transport retrograde markers injected into one nine cytoarchitectonic regions (Walker's areas 6, 8A, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 46, and Brodmann's area 4) located rostral third cerebrum. Each prefrontal, premotor, or motor cortex was found to receive a topographically unique thalamic input from clusters cells specific subdivisions within MD. All prefrontal also organized inputs other nuclei...

The protooncogene c-fos produces a phosphoprotein, Fos, which regulates gene transcription processes. In neuronal systems, Fos has been proposed to couple synaptic transmission changes in expression by acting the cell nucleus concert with other proteins form complexes promoter regions of target genes. We report here that acute administration single dose indirect-acting dopaminergic agonist cocaine increases multiple rat caudate nucleus. increase is dose-dependent and apparent...

Abstract To elucidate the anatomical relationships between frontal association cortex and limbic system in primates, projections from amygdala to were studied rhesus monkey using retrograde anterograde tracing methods. Following injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into orbital prefrontal cortex, gyrus rectus, superior gyrus, anterior cingulate lobe, labeled neurons found basolateral, basomedial, or basal accessory nuclei amygdala. None these contained following HRP principal sulcus...

Abstract The cells of origin projections from the brainstem to dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal granular cortex anterior cingulate rhesus monkey were analyzed by means retrograde axonal transport enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Following injections in various portions , HRP‐positive neurons found three main locations: (1) ventral midbrain including tegmental area, medial one‐third substantia nigra pars compacta, retrorubral nucleus; (2) central superior nucleus dorsal raphe nucleus,...

• The motor activity of hyperactive and normal boys was studied in 12 age- classroom-matched pairs. Activity measured continuously for a one-week period with portable solid-state monitor. Hyperactives exhibited generally higher levels than controls regardless the time day, including during sleep on weekends. In situation-by-situation analysis, hyperactives were most consistently significantly more active structured school activities. Little evidence found, however, to support hypothesis that...

The primate striatum is composed of limbic, cognitive, and sensorimotor functional domains. Although the effects cocaine have generally been associated with ventral striatum, or limbic domain, recent evidence in rodents suggests involvement dorsal (cognitive domains) self-administration. goals present studies were to map topography response throughout entire extent monkeys self-administering determine whether this modified by chronic exposure cocaine. Rhesus trained self-administer 0.3 mg/kg...

Hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) was administered to sleep-deprived (30–36 h) rhesus monkeys immediately preceding testing on a multi-image delayed match-to-sample (DMS) short-term memory task. The DMS task used multiple delays and stimulus images effectively measures cognitive defects produced by sleep deprivation (Porrino et al., 2005). Two methods of administration orexin-A were tested, intravenous injections (2.5–10.0 μg/kg, i.v.) novel method developed for nasal delivery via an atomizer spray...

The present study examined the time course of alterations in levels dopamine transporter (DAT) binding sites that accompany cocaine self-administration using quantitative vitro receptor autoradiography with [(3)H]WIN 35,428. density striatum rhesus monkeys 5 d, 3.3 months, or 1.5 years experience was compared DAT cocaine-naive control monkeys. Animals long-term (1.5 years) exposure group self-administered at 0.03 mg/kg per injection, whereas initial (5 d) and chronic (3.3 months) treatment...

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that administration of central cannabinoid receptor (CB 1 ) ligands can produce marked effects on ingestive behaviors. However, the possible relationship to ethanol self‐administration has not been fully examined. The present series experiments was designed characterize further role CB receptors in appetitive and consummatory behaviors related sucrose ethanol. Methods: To determine relative contribution seeking consumption, a using sipper‐tube...

The deleterious effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on behavior and cognition are a concern in modern society. Persons at risk for impaired performance health-related issues resulting from loss would benefit agents capable reducing these detrimental the time they deprived. Agents improving by enhancing brain activity under normal circumstances may also have potential to reduce harmful or unwanted deprivation. significant prevalence excitatory...

Parkinsonism or hemiparkinsonism was induced by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in four rhesus monkeys, which then received homologous fetal mesencephalon implants into the caudate nuclei. Cavities were prepared medial nucleus 2 to 5 weeks before grafts implanted. Control studies conducted unoperated MPTP-treated animals. Significant behavioral improvement, occurred within implantation mesencephalon, sustained for up 7 months. No recovery seen control...

Twenty-four-hour motor activity was assessed in a naturalistic setting 12 hyperactive boys for four weeks (672 consecutive hours). Dextroamphetamine, 15 mg/day, or placebo administered on alternate weeks, using double-blind ABAB design. When the received dextroamphetamine, significantly decreased about eight hours after drug administration. This decrease followed by period of slight but significant increases ("rebound"). Dextroamphetamine most strikingly during structured classroom activity;...

Local rates of cerebral glucose utilization were measured in rats by the quantitative 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose autoradiographic method during electrical stimulation ventral tegmental area. Rats trained intracranial self-stimulation showed a pattern changes forebrain metabolic activity distinctly different from seen stimulated experimenter. These findings provide information about distribution local specific to reinforced instrumental behavior.