A5028224856- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- ICT in Developing Communities
- Community Health and Development
- Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Esophageal and GI Pathology
- Hydropower, Displacement, Environmental Impact
- Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Intestinal Malrotation and Obstruction Disorders
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
University of Nevada, Reno
2018-2024
Faculty of Public Health
2023
Emory University
2011-2018
Georgia Department of Public Health
2018
University of Florida
2016
Gates Foundation
2016
U.S. National Science Foundation
2016
Creative Commons
2016
May Institute
2016
To describe the prevalence of biochemical B(12) deficiency in adults with type 2 diabetes taking metformin compared those not and without diabetes, explore whether this relationship is modified by vitamin supplements.Analysis data on U.S. ≥50 years age (n = 1,621) or 6,867) from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2006. Type was defined as clinical diagnosis after 30 initiation insulin therapy within 1 year. Those were classified according to their current use....
We conducted a matched–control trial in Mali to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention on pupil absence, diarrhea, respiratory infections. After completion intervention, data were collected from 100 beneficiary schools matched comparison 5–6 sessions over 14-month period. Data collection included roll calls absenteeism interviews with subset pupils recent absence disease symptoms. The odds being absent at call 23% higher than...
Background Facial cleanliness and sanitation are postulated to reduce trachoma transmission, but there no previous data on community-level herd protection thresholds. We characterize associations between active trachoma, access improved facilities, water sources for the purpose of face washing, with aim estimating or Methods findings used cluster-sampled Global Trachoma Mapping Project 884,850 children aged 1–9 years from 354,990 households in 13 countries. employed multivariable...
Soil-transmitted helminths, a class of parasitic intestinal worms, are pervasive in many low-income settings. Infection among children can lead to poor nutritional outcomes, anaemia, and reduced cognition. Mass treatment, typically administered through schools, with yearly or biannual drugs is inexpensive reduce worm burden, but reinfection occur rapidly. Access use sanitation facilities proper hygiene infection, rigorous data scarce. Among school-age children, infection at home school,...
Primary-school children in low- and middle-income countries are often deprived of microbiologically safe water sanitation, resulting a high prevalence gastrointestinal diseases poor school performance. We used Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) to predict the probability infection schoolchildren due consumption unsafe water. A multistage random-sampling technique was randomly select 425 primary schools from ten districts Sindh, Pakistan, produce representative sample province....
Impact of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention on school absence, diarrhea, respiratory infection, soil-transmitted helminths: results from the WASH HELPS cluster-randomized trial Background Water, (WASH) in schools is promoted by development agencies as modality to improve attendance reducing illness.Despite biological plausibility, few rigorous studies that have assessed effect (WinS) interventions pupil health reported mixed impacts.We evaluated impact Laos Basic...
We employed a cluster-randomized trial design to measure the impact of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) improvement on pupil enrolment gender parity in enrolment, primary schools Nyanza Province, Kenya (2007–2009). Among with poor water access during dry season, those that received supply, promotion treatment (HP&WT) demonstrated increased (β = 0.091 [0.009, 0.173] p 0.03), which translates 26 additional pupils per school average. The proportion girls enrolled also by 4%...
Abstract Objectives Improving school water, sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) conditions reduces pupil absence illness. However, these benefits may depend on the of latrines availability consumables. We sought to determine whether a low‐cost, policy‐relevant, environmental‐level latrine cleaning intervention could improve cleanliness, increase its use reduce absenteeism. Methods In three‐arm, cluster‐randomized trial we assessed via periodical roll‐call among 17 564 pupils in 60 schools that...
In 2012, the Kenyan Ministries of Health and Education began a programme to deworm all school-age children living in areas at high risk soil-transmitted helminths (STH) schistosome infections. The impact this school-based mass drug administration (MDA) Kenya is monitored by Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) as part five-year (2012–2017) study. This article focuses on MDA STH infections presents overall achieved reductions from baseline mid-term, well yearly patterns subsequent re-infections...
In Pakistan, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is expected to greatly increase the already high mortality and morbidity rates attributed infections, making AMR surveillance prevention a priority in country. The aims of project were characterize prevalence carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) healthcare facility sink drains Pakistan how physical characteristics sinks rooms associated with CRE those sinks. study took place 40 facilities Jamshoro Pakistan. Swabs collected from each that...
Background The implementation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) treatment programmes occurs in varied environmental, social and economic contexts. Programme impact will be influenced by factors that affect the reduction prevalence intensity infections following treatment, as well subsequent rate reinfection. To better understand heterogeneity programme its underlying reasons, we investigated influence contextual on STH infection part national school based deworming (SBD) Kenya. Materials...
The purpose of this study was to quantify how school sanitation conditions are associated with pupils’ use facilities. We conducted a longitudinal assessment in 60 primary schools Nyanza Province, Kenya, using structured observations measure facility and at specific used multivariable mixed regression models characterize pupil toilet ratio the school-level also were found piecewise linear relationship between decreasing increasing (p < 0.01). Our data revealed significant associations...
Abstract Background The effect of heatwaves on adverse birth outcomes is not well understood and may vary by how are defined. study aims to examine acute associations between various heatwave definitions preterm early-term birth. Methods Using national vital records from 50 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) 1982 1988, singleton (< 37 weeks) births (37–38 were matched (1:1) controls who completed at least weeks or 39 gestation, respectively. Matching variables MSA, maternal race,...
The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentrations lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and Fe (Fe) in drinking water sources primary schools Sindh Province, Pakistan quantify potential health risks among those school children. We conducted a representative, cross-sectional 425 province Pakistan. used risk assessment models estimate metal index, pollution lifetime cancer risk, hazard quotient index. Across sampled schools, levels heavy metals often exceeded WHO permissible...
Behaviors related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are key drivers of infectious disease transmission, experiences WASH potential influencers mental well-being. Important knowledge gaps exist the content delivery effective programs their associated health impacts, particularly within contexts government implemented at scale. We developed tested a demand-side intervention called Andilaye, which aimed change behaviors personal hygiene, household environmental sanitation. This...
AbstractStudies assessing the impacts of school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions have revealed inconsistent improvements in pupils' health educational outcomes. This may be part due to suboptimal project fidelity or adherence. As a matched-control trial comprehensive WASH Mali, we measured degree which schools met four prespecified targets, comprised 15 criteria, 0-3 years after program implementation. We compared achievement targets criteria between beneficiary...
Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing drug, is a first line treatment for type 2 diabetes. Long-term use of metformin has been associated with subsequent reductions in vitamin B12 concentrations. The objective our study was to determine whether lower serum concentrations older adults, and concurrent multivitamins modifies this association. We examined 2,510 participants aged 50 years over, participating the national population-based Reasons Geographic And Racial Differences Stroke (REGARDS)...
Background: We conducted a cluster-randomized water, sanitation, and hygiene trial in 185 schools Nyanza province, Kenya. The trial, however, had imperfect school-level adherence at many schools. primary goal of this study was to estimate the causal effects interventions on pupil diarrhea soil-transmitted helminth infection. Methods: Schools were divided into water availability groups, which then randomized separately either intervention arms or control arm. School-level defined by number...