Current simulations of welding distortion and residual stress have considered only the local weld zone. A large elastic structure surrounding a weld, however, can couple with operation to produce final state much different from that resulting when smaller is welded. The effect this coupling between has potential dominating state. This paper employs both two-and three-dimensional finite element models circular cylinder stiffening ring investigate interaction on parameters such as gap...

This paper presents the results of CT-STARR (CT-Surface Texture for Additive Round Robin) Stage 1 interlaboratory comparison. The study compared obtained extraction areal surface texture data per ISO 25178-2 from five X-ray computed tomography (CT) volume measurements each four laboratories. Two Ti6Al4V ELI (extra-low interstitial) components were included in CT acquisitions. first component was an additively manufactured (AM) cube using Arcam Q10 electron beam melting (EBM) machine. Surface...

To ensure effective long-term CO2 storage in candidate geological sites, potential leakage pathways to the surface must be evaluated. Fracture permeability is likely pathway for migration through low-permeability tillite surface. Further, spatial distribution of within fracture network vary time as fluid rock interaction seals fractures (Clare E. Bond et al., 2017). Therefore, monitoring and their changes very important storage. The total nonlinear signal strongly influenced by cracks,...

Understanding the nonlinear elastic behavior of rocks has primarily been based on laboratory observations or numerical simulations. However, due to inherent complexities and uncontrollable nature real-world systems, field measurements elasticity remain a significant challenge. In-situ “Pump-Probe” type experiments, analogous those conducted in laboratories, provide valuable approach for characterizing mechanical properties Earth materials. Environmental factors, such as...

Through its ability to measure otherwise inaccessible internal structures, x-ray computed tomography (CT) has become a useful tool in the field of dimensional metrology. However, lack international standards for performance verification and determination metrological characteristics so far prevented it from becoming standardized measurement technology. This paper considers how test object comprising dismantleable tetrahedral assembly four calibrated alumina spheres can be employed assess an...

The high level of surface roughness additively manufactured parts post challenges to the applicability different dimensional measurement techniques, including tactile, optical and X-ray computed tomography. Tactile is traditionally considered have best accuracy traceability; however, its can be significantly influenced by mechanical filtering effect. This work investigates influence effect on tactile measurements parts. Both experimental simulation are utilised reveal this Particularly...

Metal additively-manufactured (AM) parts are increasingly used as safety-critical components in industry. Surface textures of metal AM different to conventionally machined surfaces and can directly influence the functional performance parts. However, it is difficult or impossible access measure non-line-of-sight by conventional measurement techniques. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) a promising technique that non-destructively. metrology framework for XCT evaluate surface texture yet be...

For decades three-dimensional (3D) measurements of engineering components have been made using fixed metrologyroom based coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) fitted most commonly with single point or to a much lesser extent, scanning tactile probes. Over the past decade there has rapid uptake in development and subsequent use portable optical-based 3D systems. These optical systems capture vast quantities data very short time, often permitting freeform surfaces be digitised. Documented...

The use of x-ray computed tomography for dimensional measurements associated with engineering applications has flourished in recent years. However, error sources the technology are not well understood. In this paper, a novel two-sphere reference sample been developed and used to investigate stability imaging system that consists an tube detector. contrast other research work reported, considered relative positional variation along x-, y- z-axes. This is significant improvement over one...

Distortion and residual stresses cause significant problems in the welding of large structures. Prediction these phenomena would provide substantial assistance to design fabrication welding. Unfortunately, complexity structural interactions during severe nonlinearities associated with process limit application weld simulations. This presentation develops rezoning dynamic substructuring techniques that make finite element simulation structures more tractable. Both exploit fact only a local...

Optical techniques offer advantages over mechanical methods for displacement measurement. A comparative study has been made between photogrammetry and moiré photography during a destructive test applied to bridge. The first provided accurate values point displacements whereas the second revealed whole field movements indicated region of eventual failure.

Abstract The unique complex topography of additively-manufactured surfaces—and the recent rapid evolution instruments and techniques to measure them—limits trust in inspection data, direct conflict with requirements application areas such as aerospace, where failure a part can have serious safety consequences. Topography instrument manufacturers end-users require measurement standards controlled reproduction representative surfaces calibrate, performance-verify intercompare for tasks,...

Three-dimensional (3D) optical measuring systems using structured light are often limited in practice by imperfections the patterns projected onto object under test. An understanding of fine structure enables limits to be placed on accuracy and precision 3D measurements that can obtained with such systems. A simple technique has been studied reveals parallel lines white light. Colour fringing revealed a reference grid form diffusely reflective grating or lenticular array, obtain...

A combination of focussed ion beam milling and X-ray tomography has been used to evaluate the steam grown oxide on plant-exposed Grade 91 material, comparing features observed with those laboratory coupons, which have not ground. particular focus was characterisation any pre-existing oxides features; effect these elemental segregation formation porosity in Fe–Cr spinel. In particular, computed (XCT) characterise defect structure within magnetite layer scale. The results shown that tests...

Abstract. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a rising technology within many industries and sectors with demand for dimensional metrology, defect, void analysis reverse engineering. There are variables that can affect the metrology of objects imaged using XCT, this paper focusses on effects beam hardening due to orientation workpiece, in case holeplate, volume material X-rays travel through. Measurements discussed include unidirectional bidirectional dimensions, radii cylinders, fit point...

Traditional measurements of nonlinear and viscoelastic materials can be complicated by effects frequency power law absorption dispersion which affect harmonic generation propagation. New combined measurement modeling approaches are needed that account for both effects. The interaction two co-propagating ultrasound longitudinal waves used to characterize induced changes occurring in material microstructure. A strong wave pump affects the properties sample with dynamically applied strain a...