Thermal infrared cameras provide unique information on surface temperature that can benefit a range of environmental, industrial and agricultural applications. However, the use uncooled thermal for field unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based data collection is often hampered by vignette effects, sensor drift, ambient influences measurement bias. Here, we develop apply an temperature-dependent radiometric calibration function evaluated against three sensors (Apogee SI-11(Apogee Electronics,...

Monitoring the development of vegetation height through time provides a key indicator crop health and overall condition. Traditional manual approaches for monitoring are generally consuming, labor intensive impractical large-scale operations. Dynamic heights collected season allow identification within-field problems at critical stages growth cycle, providing mechanism remedial action to be taken against end yield losses. With advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies, routine...

Connexin (Cx) gap junction proteins are expressed by a multitude of cells and function as plasma membrane hemichannels or dock to form intercellular communication tunnels. Whilst Cx43 has garnered considerable attention, less is known about the structure Cx62 channels. Platelets megakaryocytes express Cx37, Cx40 Cx62, which contribute hemostatic thrombotic responses. Our study explores an unexpected finding that following platelet activation, extracellular region undergoes proteolytic...

Abstract. Surface-based radon (222Rn) measurements can be combined with lidar backscatter to obtain a higher quality time series of mixing height within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) than is possible from alone, and more quantitative measure only radon. The reason why are improved that there times when signals ambiguous, reliably attributing correct aerosol presents challenge. By combining length scale derived concentration, automated robust attribution during morning transition. Radon...

Hyperspectral systems integrated on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide unique opportunities to conduct high-resolution multitemporal spectral analysis for diverse applications. However, additional time-consuming rectification efforts in postprocessing are routinely required, since geometric distortions can be introduced due UAV movements during flight, even if navigation/motion sensors used track the position of each scan. Part challenge obtaining high-quality imagery relates lack a fast...

Characterizing the land surface temperature (LST) and its diurnal cycle is important in understanding a range of properties, including soil moisture status, evaporative response, vegetation stress ground heat flux. While remote-sensing platforms present number options to retrieve this variable, there are inevitable compromises between resolvable spatial temporal resolution. For instance, resolution geostationary satellites, which can provide sub-hourly LST, often too coarse (3 km) for many...

Abstract. The stable isotopic composition of water vapour provides information about moisture sources and processes difficult to obtain with traditional measurement techniques. Recently, it has been proposed that the D-excess (dv = δ2H − 8 × δ18O) can provide a diagnostic tracer continental recycling. However, exhibits diurnal cycle observed across variety ecosystems may be influenced by range beyond regional-scale recycling, including local evaporation (ET) fluxes. There is lack...

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, governments around world initiated a programme of temporary road-space reallocation measures. These measures helped create more space for social distancing and encouraged an uptake in active travel (including walking cycling). This paper examines impact pandemic on behaviour two contrasting local authorities North England, specifically, deployment introduced. research shows that, overall, there was substantial degree change usual behaviours amongst...

Over the last seventy years, most European countries have undergone one or more transitions in home heating provision. Moving first away from burning solid fuels and towards communal individual central systems now low carbon electric systems. Heating are awash with personal, social cultural complexity but tend to be simplified into grand narratives that tell simple stories of technological triumph. Through analysis 21 oral histories gathered across England Sweden, we look beyond...

Continuous records of isotope behaviour in the environment are invaluable to understanding mass and energy fluxes. Although techniques such as ratio spectrometry provide high precision data, they not well suited analysis a large number samples currently restricted use laboratory. Fourier transform infrared spectrometers relatively cheap sufficiently portable robust be taken into field collect continuous gas-phase behaviour. Several examples application this technique will presented. One data...

Abstract. In this study, we assess two push broom hyperspectral sensors as carried by small (10–15 kg) multi-rotor Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). We used a Headwall Photonics micro-Hyperspec sensor with 324 spectral bands (4–5 nm FWHM) and nano-Hyperspec 270 (6 both in the VNIR range (400–1000 nm). A gimbal was to stabilise relation aircraft flight dynamics, for tightly coupled dual frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Machine...

The factors that control the period delineated by a sandglass have been systematically investigated. This form of interval timer (known since medieval times) depends on particle flow, which exhibits characteristics quite different from those liquid flow. Thus, for example, rate flow is independent head material in reservoir, except last few centimetres. particulate need not be silica sand, but should smooth and regular with grains similar size: vitreous spherical filler known as ballotini...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) plays important roles in atmospheric chemistry both as a greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depletion. Isotopic measurements of N2O have provided an invaluable insight into understanding its sources sinks. The preference for 15N fractionation between the central terminal positions (the "site preference") is particularly valuable because it depends principally on processes involved production or consumption, rather than content substrate from which formed. Despite...

Mitigation of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions is a target area for the Australian Government and pork industry. The present study measured methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) ammonia (NH3) from deep-litter piggery litter stockpile over two trials in southern New South Wales, to compare housing pigs on deep with those conventional uncovered anaerobic effluent-treatment ponds. Emissions were using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, conjunction backward Lagrangian...

Abstract. Surface-based radon (222Rn) measurements can be combined with lidar backscatter to obtain a higher quality time series of mixing height within the Planetary Boundary-Layer (PBL) than is possible from alone, and more quantitative measure only radon. The benefit because even when aerosol layers are detected, reliably attributing correct layer presents challenge. By combining length scale derived concentration, automated robust attribution during morning transition. Radon also provide...