Because plastics contribute to healthy and sound everyday life, global usage volume of plastic is expected increase. However, the chemical industry facing challenges in from viewpoints resource depletion environmental burden. These trends have led discussions on how should move forward a sustainable society circular economy considering conversion, efficient after‐use utilization, protection. Bioplastics, both bio‐based biodegradable, reemerged as potential solutions. To clarify role...

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect sink size and ripening, which are often negatively correlated, were analyzed in two inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from crosses between the semi-dwarf indica japonica cultivars. Recombinant (RILs) Milyang23 (indica)/Akihikari (japonica), back-crossed (BCILs) Sasanishiki (japonica)/Habataki(indica)//Sasanishiki///Sasanishiki studied over a period years. A major QTL was related to number spikelets per panicle found same region...

The chemical industry and subsequent value chain of plastics are facing significant challenges from the viewpoints resource conversion environmental burden. Now is time to explore future direction plastics, which will require an integrated scheme using circulation, carbon neutrality, a social system promote after-use treatment under concept circular economy. Polylactic acid (PLA) should help reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as biobased material contribute waste management after use due...

The relationship between the intracellular concentration of glycerol and initiation growth under salt-stressed conditions in salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii was studied. results demonstrated that accumulation a definite is required prior to NaCl-stressed conditions. 3 M 3.5 NaCl media started at low concentrations such as 0.51 1.17 mol/l cell volume. Similar were obtained KCl- MgCl2-stressed However, Z. unable grow LiCl-stressed conditions, though it accumulated level for growth.

We conducted a QTL (quantitative trait locus) analysis to identify the genetic characteristics of traits related yield in rice, using 191 recombinant inbred (R.I.) lines derived from Milyang 23/Akihikari. found that at end chromosome 1 clearly contributed spikelet number per panicle and unit area. One R.I. lines, H8, showed segregation or area 1998. H8 was also heterozygous near QTL. determined for 74 individual plants line H8. An RFLP linkage map constructed data regions on other...

We determined the chromosomal location of a green rice leafhopper(GRLH) resistance gene, Grh1, using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. First, we graphical genotype Norin-PL2, to which Grh1 was introgressed from an indica variety, Pe-bi-hun, and identified four Pe-bi-hun-derived chronrosonral segments on chromosomes 5, 11 12. Then, examined linkages between RFLP markers located in 108 B1F1 plants. The results indicated that gene chromosome 5 linked R566, C309, R2558, XNpb260.

A shattering resistance gene in a mutant line, SR-5, induced from an indica rice variety, Nan-jing11 was mapped on chromosome 3 based QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus) analysis using RFLP markers, and it designated as sh4. Seventy eight plants of the F2 population derived cross between javanica (tropical japonica) variety Dinalaga with habit SR-5 were investigated for degree marker genotypes by RFLP. The results suggested that sh4 located at same position R250 3. In population, showed...

Fusaric acid-resistance genes (fus) were isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia. The nucleotides of the 5437 base pairs containing fus sequenced.

To perform rapid amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and efficiently clone AFLP fragments with non-radioactive primers, we modified the current protocol. When procedure was applied to rice genome, 30 80 (∼40 400 bp in length) could be detected a single PCR reaction. assess suitability of technique for first it quantify genetic diversity sample 55 predominantly Japanese modern domestic cultivars. In this analysis, more than 75% rices were differentiated by combination six...

The flux of Na+, Cl- and H+ ions the accumulation glycerol in cells a salt-tolerant yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, was examined during initial stages salt stress. Although intracellular that required for osmoregulation began immediately after exposure to stress, rapid influx Na+ into also occurred. These were subsequently extruded from levels both maintained much lower than those external medium. Furthermore, efflux protons induced by activation plasma membrane ATPase (PM- ATPase) start...

TThe accumulation of glycerol and inorganic ions were examined in a respiration-deficient (RD) mutant isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii for 3h after salt stress due to 1M NaCl. After start stress, intracellular levels continued increase up 3h, while Na+ Cl- cells reached maximum values within 1h then decreased gradually. Increases concentrations solutes resulted an osmotic pressure that was almost equivalent external 2h stress. The RD strain had same ability...

Effects of various inhibitors on the intracellular accumulation glycerol and inorganic ions in a salt-tolerant yeast, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, were examined for several hours during NaCl-induced salt stress. Cycloheximide strongly inhibited stress but chloramphenicol did not. Rapid activation plasma-membrane ATPase was apparent within 5 min after start 1 h second, slower occurred. ATP maintained at higher level than that its absence. Experiments with other demonstrated close relationship...

水稲の耐倒伏性品種を育成するに当たっての基礎資料を得るため，1970年から1973年にわたり，26品種を用いた圃場試験から強稈性に関係のある形質が解析された。圃場での倒伏と水稲の各形質との相関からは，稈型指数(稈基外径/稈長)が各年次とも安定して高い相関を示した形態的形質であり，なびきにくい品種で稈型指数の値が高い傾向があった。またフジミノリとイナバワセの間に，少肥と多肥および倒伏進行過程で逆転塊象がみられた。この逆転現象は両品種の生理的特性の差異が原因と考えられ，この特性を表す形質として稈基部への再蓄積力(登熟後期の稈基重増加率)を考えた。フジミノリは各年次とも再蓄稜力が強く，イナバワセは弱く，挫折しにくい品種で再蓄積力が強い傾向にあった。これらの結果の理論的根拠を挫屈に関するEULERの公式に求めたところ，稈型指数は公式の形態要素と，また再蓄積力は公式の材質要素の増減と関係が深かった。以上のことから，稈型指数は肉眼観察が容場で遺伝率も高いため，なびき倒伏に対する抵抗阯の選抜形質として有用であり，また再蓄積力は遺伝率が高く，挫折倒伏に対する抵抗性の選抜形質として有用であると考え...

Twenty salt-sensitive (ss) mutants were isolated from the salt-tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii by treatment with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The divided into five classes on basis of their ability to grow in media containing various high concentrations NaCl. mutant greatest sensitivity NaCl all tested was able very slowly a longer lag phase medium 2 M NaCl, contrast wild strain which had capacity 3.5 Most ss exhibited, some extent, less tolerance glucose than strain. It...