Objectives Many employees with burnout report cognitive difficulties. However, the relation between and functioning has hardly been empirically validated. Moreover, it is unknown whether putative deficits in are temporary or permanent. Therefore, purpose of study was to answer two related questions: (i) Is associated self-reported difficulties a specific well-defined set executive functions? (ii) Do these diminish after 10-week period behavioral therapy? Methods Sixteen were compared sixteen...

Abstract Response inhibition is crucial for mental and physical health but studies assessing the trainability of this type are rare. Thirty‐nine children aged 10‐12 years 46 adults 18‐24 were assigned to an adaptive go/no‐go training condition or active control condition. Transfer effects performance on tasks response inhibition, interference control, working memory updating, task‐switching, non‐verbal fluid intelligence assessed during 3‐ 6‐month follow‐up sessions and/or immediate...

Relatively little is known about cognitive performance in burnout. The aim of the present study was to further our knowledge on this topic by examining, one study, both clinical and non-clinical burnout while focusing three interrelated aspects performance, namely, self-reported problems, test subjective costs associated with performance. To aim, a patient group (n = 33), 29), healthy control 30) were compared assessed questionnaire, as well battery measuring executive functioning more...

The implicit learning deficit hypothesis claims that impaired underlies deficits in social-communicative abilities associated with developmental language disorder (DLD). However, previous research testing this revealed inconsistent results and largely used process-impure sequential tasks. This study further tested the using a novel process-pure associative task. performance of 9- to 13-year-old children (N = 60) without DLD (typically developing, TD, N 52) on contingency task (CLT) was...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with impaired attentional set shifting, which may reflect enhanced perseverative responding, learned irrelevance, and/or reduced novelty processing. We assessed the contribution of these potential error sources in ASD adults. A total 17 and 19 matched comparison individuals first solved a discrimination learning task. Thereafter, participants faced three types shift, specifically designed to isolate effect possible sources. made more errors than...

Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder that has been linked to impaired behavioural adaptation during reinforcement learning. Recent electrophysiological studies have suggested psychopathy related impairments in intentionally using information relevant for adapting behaviour, whereas these remain absent behaviour relying on automatic use of information. We sought investigate whether previously found response reversal individuals with also follow this dichotomy. expected be intact when...

The purpose of this study was to compare components the rat and human auditory event–related potential (ERP) as generated in active oddball passive single–stimulus tasks. rats were trained discriminate between target standard stimuli an task, whereas subjects received instructions. Task effects on various ERP found both species. Interestingly, P3 component similar species with regard amplitude: Target elicited a higher amplitude task than did stimuli. This might indicate that shares same...

ABSTRACT Cocaine dependence is associated with orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)‐dependent cognitive inflexibility in both humans and laboratory animals. A critical question whether cocaine self‐administration affects pre‐existing individual differences flexibility. Serotonin transporter knockout (5‐HTT −/− ) mice show improved flexibility a visual reversal learning task, whereas 5‐HTT rats self‐administer increased amounts of cocaine. Here we assessed: (1) also (next to mice); (2) this affected by...

Recent studies suggest that the response inhibition ability of children can be modified through training. Based on notion embodied cognition, we investigated transfer effects a 7-day training program using game named "Wesley says" in 8- to 12-year-old (n = 15). The consists providing commands for performing simple body actions, actual execution which is conditional upon preceding verbal expression says". Training were assessed with computer-based visual go/no-go task and Stroop color-word...

Behavioral flexibility is a cognitive process depending on prefrontal areas allowing adaptive responses to environmental changes. Serotonin transporter knockout (5-HTT −/− ) rodents show improved reversal learning in addition orbitofrontal cortex Another form of behavioral flexibility, extradimensional strategy set-shifting (EDSS), heavily depends the medial cortex. This region shows functional changes 5-HTT as well. Here we subjected rats and their wild-type counterparts an EDSS paradigm...

Summary Age‐related declines in working memory, especially with regard to updating ability, affect many high‐level aspects of cognition elderly adults. Recent studies have demonstrated that training might improve memory. We investigated the effects 20 days adaptive memory healthy Comparing performance on cognitive function tests before and after a trained group non‐trained group, significant positive were observed numerical task digit‐span test, but not non‐verbal reasoning test. The results...

Previous research on the association between executive functions and creativity has revealed mixed results. Here, we examined which of three components functioning, working memory (WM) updating, inhibition, shifting ability, is most strongly associated with aspect creative thinking in a group young adolescents. Moreover, assessed effects specifically training that function various measures thinking. In Study 1, 73 13- to 15-year-old adolescents performed tasks measuring information...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI) are two neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in verbal nonverbal communication skills. These skills thought to develop largely through implicit—or automatic—learning mechanisms. The aim of the current paper was investigate role implicit learning abilities atypical development ASD SLI. In study, we investigated Response Times (RTs) Event Related Potentials (ERPs) during on a Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task...

Abstract Previous studies on attentional bias towards emotional faces in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) provided mixed results. This might be due to differences the examined components and expressions. study assessed three components, hypervigilance, disengagement avoidance, using a disgust, happy, or neutral expression dot-probe external cuing task 18 children ASD 21 typically developing (TD) children. The initially displayed hypervigilance disgust faces, followed by...

Social anxiety (SA) is quite common and associated with multiple comorbidities. Here, we examined the effects of working memory (WM) training on various indices potentially related to SA. Pre-selected university students elevated self-reported SA symptoms were assigned a WM (n = 21) or an active control treatment condition 21). Pre- post-treatment assessments made using questionnaires (social) depression, tasks measuring WM, interference control, attentional biases towards, event-related...

The capacity to switch between tasks is a central component of executive functioning. Previous studies assessing effects task-switch training have revealed mixed results, both in terms processes that may be improved and the extent beneficial on non-trained tasks. These primarily used few sessions, which limited transfer effects. Here, 31 students were trained for 21 days cued switching task. Both group an active control (n = 29) performed number cognitive before after training. Training...