Abstract Objective: Both obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been independently linked with increased oxidative inflammatory stress. This study tested hypothesis that MetS is associated greater burden compared alone. Research Methods Procedures: Forty‐eight normal‐weight 40 obese (20 without MetS; 20 MetS) adults were studied. was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Plasma concentrations of oxidized low‐density...

Increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone has been linked to the etiology of a number pathologies associated with human aging, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease. However, it is currently unclear whether per se, enhanced endothelin-1 system activity. We hypothesized that activity greater in healthy older compared young men regular aerobic exercise an effective intervention for reducing previously sedentary men. Forearm blood flow...

Endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone contributes to the development and progression of several adiposity-related conditions, including hypertension atherosclerotic vascular disease. The aims present study were determine 1) whether endogenous ET-1 activity is elevated in overweight obese adults, and, if so, 2) increased ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction impairment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Seventy-nine adults studied: 34 normal weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m(2)], 22...

Numerical and functional impairment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is thought to contribute vascular aging the associated increase in cardiovascular risk. We tested following hypotheses: 1) EPC clonogenic migratory capacity decrease progressively with age healthy, sedentary adult men; 2) regular aerobic exercise will improve previously middle-aged older men. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 46 healthy men: 10 young (26 +/- 1 yr), 15 (47 21 (63 yr). Mononuclear...

Endothelial release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) regulates fibrinolysis and is considered to be a primary endogenous defense mechanism against thrombosis. Adiposity associated with an increased risk atherothrombotic events. We determined the influence overweight obesity on capacity vascular endothelium t-PA effects regular aerobic exercise endothelial in previously sedentary obese adults. First, we studied 66 adults: 28 normal-weight (BMI &lt;25 kg/m 2 ); 22 ≥25 &lt;30 16 ≥30...

Muscarinic receptor agonists have primarily been used to characterize endothelium-dependent vasodilator dysfunction with overweight/obesity. Reliance on a single class of agonist, however, yields limited, and potentially misleading, information regarding endothelial capacity. The aims this study were determine 1) whether the overweight/obesity-related reduction in vasodilation extends beyond muscarinic 2) contribution nitric oxide (NO) is reduced overweight/obese adults. Eighty-six...

The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is lower in middle-aged and older women than men. Increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction has been linked to the etiology a number diseases, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension. It unknown whether sex difference vasoconstrictor tone exists adults. Therefore, we tested hypothesis that men would demonstrate greater ET-1-mediated age-matched women. Forearm blood flow response intra-arterial infusions endothelin (ET)-1, BQ-123...

Acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been shown to be impaired in obese adults. However, the mechanisms responsible for this impairment are not clear. We determined whether blunted forearm vasodilator response acetylcholine with obesity is due, at least part, reduced muscarinic receptor responsiveness. Twenty-eight sedentary middle-aged adults were studied: 14 normal weight (BMI, 23.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and (32.2 0.9 kg/m2). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was intraarterial...

Lower habitual physical activity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are common features of the metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype that contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk. The aims present study were determine 1) whether community-based exercise training transitions MAO adults healthy, 2) odds transition healthy larger for individuals who performed higher volumes and/or experienced greater increases in fitness.Metabolic syndrome components measured 332 (190 women,...

This study examined the effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet containing lean red meat on measures body composition and muscle strength in a cohort obese adults 65 older; 36 males (n = 15) females 21) consumed 1800 kcal/day for 12 weeks under controlled feeding conditions. The included daily intakes 126 g meat. Measures were obtained at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12. Breakfast, lunch, dinner provided every day weeks, equal portions distributed each meal. Significant effects detected...

Short sleep duration is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity. Endothelial vasomotor dysfunction represents a potential mechanism contributing to the CVD risk habitual short duration. Endothelin (ET)-1 potent vasoconstrictor peptide that endothelial and risk. Currently, there no information regarding influence of on ET-1 activity in adults. We tested hypothesis ET-1-mediated greater adults who less than 7 h/night (short duration) compared those 7–9 (normal...

Telomere length declines with age in mature endothelial cells and is thought to contribute dysfunction atherogenesis. Bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor (EPCs) are critical vascular health as they both reendothelialization neovascularization. We tested the hypothesis that EPC telomere decreases healthy adult humans.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 healthy, non-obese, sedentary men: 12 young (age 21-34 years), middle-aged (43-55 years) 16 older (57-68 years). Putative...

Lifestyle modification in the form of weight reduction by caloric restriction alone or combination with regular aerobic exercise significantly improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation overweight and obese adults. We determined whether exercise, independent loss, Twenty adults (age 53 +/- 1 years; BMI: 30.2 0.8 kg/m(2)) were studied before after a 3-month training intervention. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses (via plethysmography) response to intra-arterial infusion acetylcholine sodium...

To test the hypothesis that bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) BE1+9/-9 polymorphism affects vascular responses to bradykinin, we measured effect of intra-arterial on forearm blood flow and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release in 89 normotensive, nonsmoking, white American subjects whom degradation was blocked by enalaprilat. BE1 genotype frequencies were +9/+9:+9/-9:-9/-9=19:42:28. associated with systolic pressure (121.4+/-2.8, 113.8+/-1.8, 110.6+/-1.8 mm Hg +9/+9, +9/-9, -9/-9...

The mediators underlying the putative benefits of remote ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on dynamic whole body exercise performance have not been widely investigated. Our objective was to test hypothesis that IPC improves supramaximal in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I middle-distance runners by increasing accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD), an indicator glycolytic capacity. A randomized sham-controlled crossover study employed. Ten NCAA athletes [age: 21 ± 1 yr;...

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) often accompanies obesity and contributes to the increased risk of atherothrombotic events with body fatness. Indeed, risks for coronary artery disease acute vascular are greater combined MetS compared alone. Endothelial release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a key defense mechanism against thrombosis has been shown be impaired obesity. aim present study was determine whether presence exacerbates endothelial fibrinolytic dysfunction in obese adults....

We examined the effect of −58 C/T and BE1 +9/−9 polymorphisms in bradykinin B2 receptor gene on forearm vascular resistance (FVR) before during intrabrachial artery infusion receptor-, endothelium-dependent agonist endothelium-independent sodium nitroprusside 228 normotensive subjects. In 166 white Americans, systolic blood pressure (SBP) pulse were highest +9/+9 group (118±2 51±2 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.05 versus −9/−9 for either), intermediate (114±1 49±1 pressure), lowest (110±2 44±2...

CD31 + T cells, or so-called “angiogenic cells,” have been shown to demonstrate vasculoprotective and neovasculogenic qualities. The influence of age on T-cell number function is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that circulating migratory capacity are reduced, apoptotic susceptibility heightened, telomere length shortened with advancing in adult humans. Thirty-six healthy, sedentary men were studied: 12 young (25 ± 1 yr), middle aged (46 older (64 2 yr). cells isolated from peripheral blood...