Abstract Objective: Both obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been independently linked with increased oxidative inflammatory stress. This study tested hypothesis that MetS is associated greater burden compared alone. Research Methods Procedures: Forty‐eight normal‐weight 40 obese (20 without MetS; 20 MetS) adults were studied. was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Plasma concentrations of oxidized low‐density...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of sudden death in young competitive athletes. However, exercise has also been shown to be beneficial setting other cardiac diseases. We examined ability voluntary prevent or reverse phenotypes a murine model HCM harboring mutant myosin heavy chain (MyHC). No differences cage wheel performance between nontransgenic (NTG) and male mice were seen. Exercise prevented fibrosis, myocyte disarray, induction “hypertrophic” markers including...

How an individual's sex and genetic background modify cardiac adaptation to increased workload is a topic of great interest. We systematically evaluated morphological physiological in response voluntary forced exercise. found that sex/gender dominant factor exercise performance (in two paradigms mouse strains) females one these strains have greater capacity increase their mass similar amounts To explore the biochemical mechanisms for differences, we examined signaling pathways previously...

In contrast to age-matched men, endurance exercise training is not consistently associated with enhanced endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. We determined whether improves women treated estrogen. a substudy, we if oxidative stress mechanistically linked adaptations training.Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured 36 sedentary, (45-65 y) at study entry (baseline), after 12 weeks of either placebo, oral (1 mg/d) estradiol, or transdermal estradiol...

Increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone has been linked to the etiology of a number pathologies associated with human aging, including hypertension, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease. However, it is currently unclear whether per se, enhanced endothelin-1 system activity. We hypothesized that activity greater in healthy older compared young men regular aerobic exercise an effective intervention for reducing previously sedentary men. Forearm blood flow...

Endothelin (ET)-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone contributes to the development and progression of several adiposity-related conditions, including hypertension atherosclerotic vascular disease. The aims present study were determine 1) whether endogenous ET-1 activity is elevated in overweight obese adults, and, if so, 2) increased ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction impairment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Seventy-nine adults studied: 34 normal weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m(2)], 22...

BackgroundAlthough the pathophysiology and treatment of adult heart failure (HF) are well studied, HF in children remains poorly understood. In adults, adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated adaptation plays a central role cardiac abnormalities HF, these patients respond to β-blocker (BB) therapy. However, with there is growing body literature suggesting lack efficacy therapies. Due unanticipated differences response therapy paucity data regarding molecular paediatric heart, we investigated...

Negative alterations of mitochondria are known to occur in heart failure (HF). This study investigated the novel mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agent elamipretide on mitochondrial and supercomplex function failing human hearts ex vivo. Freshly explanted nonfailing ventricular tissue from children adults was treated with elamipretide. Mitochondrial oxygen flux, complex (C) I CIV activities, in-gel activity assembly were measured. impaired heart, CI supercomplex-associated significantly...

1 Basal whole-limb blood flow and vascular conductance decrease with age in men. We determined whether these age-associated changes limb haemodynamics are mediated by tonically augmented sympathetic α-adrenergic vasoconstriction. 2 Seven young (28 ± years; mean ±s.e.m.) eight older (64 years) healthy, normotensive adult men were studied. Baseline femoral artery (Doppler ultrasound) calculated 29 31 % lower, respectively, resistance was 53 higher the (all P < 0.001). 3 Local (intra-femoral...

Numerical and functional impairment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is thought to contribute vascular aging the associated increase in cardiovascular risk. We tested following hypotheses: 1) EPC clonogenic migratory capacity decrease progressively with age healthy, sedentary adult men; 2) regular aerobic exercise will improve previously middle-aged older men. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 46 healthy men: 10 young (26 +/- 1 yr), 15 (47 21 (63 yr). Mononuclear...

Abstract Context Vascular aging, including endothelial dysfunction secondary to oxidative stress and inflammation, increases the risk for age-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low testosterone in middle-aged/older men is associated with increased CVD risk. Objective We hypothesized that low contributes dysfunction, related part greater inflammation. Methods This cross-sectional study included 58 healthy, nonsmoking categorized as young (N = 20; age 29 ± 4 years; 500 ng/dL), higher 60...

Low testosterone in middle-aged/older men contributes to accelerated vascular aging, including endothelial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms by which low affects dysfunction are not well understood. We sought determine whether higher endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels associated with reduced brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) testosterone. Plasma ET-1 was quantified 60 categorized as young (n = 20, age 30 ± 4 yr, 510 63 ng/dL), normal 59 6 512 115 or 8 265 47 ng/dL). Endothelial...

https://youtu.be/wu8t-3F-vJc BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an association between low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality in adults with heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). While exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) has been reported to increase CRF HFpEF, true inter-individual response differences (IIRD) EBCR among those HFpEF is not known nor it ever assessed. The purpose of this study was address gap. METHODS Using data from the recent American...

Endothelial cell-derived extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) have emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk, progression and severity. The aims were to determine: 1) if circulating EMV levels are elevated in adults with obesity; 2) whether EMVs associated obesity-related endothelial vasomotor dysfunction. Thirty-six sedentary, midlife (45-63 years) studied: 18 normal weight (12M/6F; age: 56±6 yr; BMI: 23.3±1.5 kg/m 2 ) obesity 53±5 31.9±1.7 ). (CD31 + /42 - concentration plasma...

Background: While operative and perioperative care continues to improve for single ventricle congenital heart disease (SV), long-term morbidities mortality remain high. Importantly, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapies (PDE5i) are increasingly used, however, little is known regarding the direct myocardial effects of PDE5i therapy in SV population. Objectives: Our group has previously demonstrated that failing myocardium characterized by increased PDE5 activity impaired mitochondrial...

Objective— The objective of this study was to investigate the effects lowering plasma triglycerides (TGs) on endothelial function and gain insight into role played by free fatty acids (FFAs) in hypertriglyceridemia-associated vascular dysfunction. Methods Results— Eleven hypertriglyceridemic subjects without coronary artery disease, diabetes, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tobacco use, or hypertension were studied using a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design...

We report that dietary modification from a soy-based diet to casein-based radically improves disease indicators and cardiac function in transgenic mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. On soy diet, males with mutation the alpha-myosin heavy chain gene progress dilation heart failure. However, fed casein no longer deteriorate severe, dilated Remarkably, their LV size contractile are preserved. Further, this prevents number pathologic males, including fibrosis, induction beta-myosin...

Endothelial release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) regulates fibrinolysis and is considered to be a primary endogenous defense mechanism against thrombosis. Adiposity associated with an increased risk atherothrombotic events. We determined the influence overweight obesity on capacity vascular endothelium t-PA effects regular aerobic exercise endothelial in previously sedentary obese adults. First, we studied 66 adults: 28 normal-weight (BMI &lt;25 kg/m 2 ); 22 ≥25 &lt;30 16 ≥30...