Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) towards CGRP or the receptor show good prophylactic antimigraine efficacy. However, their site of action is still elusive. Due to lack passage mAbs across blood-brain barrier trigeminal system has been suggested a possible because it lacks and hence available circulating molecules. The ganglion (TG) harbors two types neurons; half which store rest that express elements (CLR/RAMP1).With specific immunohistochemistry methods, we demonstrated localization CGRP, CLR,...

There is growing evidence that exposure to small size particulate matter increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.We investigated plaque progression and vasodilatory function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice exposed TiO(2). ApoE(-/-) were intratracheally instilled (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight) with rutile fine TiO2 (fTiO2, 288 nm), photocatalytic 92/8 anatase/rutile TiO(2) (pTiO(2), 12 or nano (nTiO(2), 21.6 nm) at 26 2 hours before measurement aorta segments mounted...

Exposure to small size particulates is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.We exposed young and aged apolipoprotein E knockout mice (apoE-/-) carbon black (Printex 90, 14 nm) by intratracheal instillation, with different dosing timing, measured vasomotor function, progression of atherosclerotic plaques, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, 3-nitrotyrosine in blood vessels. The mRNA expression HO-1, MCP-1 was examined lung tissue.Young apoE-/- two consecutive 0.5 mg/kg doses exhibited lower...

Vegetable carbon (E153) and titanium dioxide (E171) are widely used as black white food colour additives. The aim of this study was to assess gastrointestinal tight junction systemic genotoxic effects in rats following exposure E153 E171 for 10 weeks by oral gavage once a week. expression proteins assessed intestinal tissues. Levels DNA strand breaks, oxidatively damaged telomere length were secondary organs. Hydrodynamic suspensions E173 indicated mean particles sizes 230 270 nm,...

Several neurotransmitters are expressed in the neurons of trigeminal ganglion. One such signalling molecule is pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP). PACAP has been suggested to have a possible role pathophysiology primary headaches.The present study was designed investigate relationship between and calcitonin gene-related peptide, currently two most relevant migraine peptides.In current study, we used ELISA release response 60 mM K+ or capsaicin using rat hemi-skull model....

Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have both been considered potential drug candidates in migraine therapy. In recent years, CGRP receptor inhibition has established as an effective treatment, particular a prophylactic for chronic migraine. Curiously, of neurokinin 1 (NK1R) failed to alleviate acute attacks clinical trials, the neurokinins were consequently abandoned antimigraine candidates. The reason behind this remained enigmatic. Utilizing immunohistochemistry...

Abstract Background 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors 1B, 1D and 1F have key roles in migraine pharmacotherapy. Selective agonists targeting these receptors, such as triptans ditans, are effective aborting acute attacks inhibit the vivo release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) human animal models. The study aimed to examine localization, genetic expression functional aspects 5- HT 1B/1D/1F trigeminal system order further understand molecular sites action (5-HT 1B/1D ) ditans )....

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system and released from sensory fibres of cranial dura mater upon noxious stimulation. Such release may be a mechanism underlying migraine headache. Based on data guinea pig basilar artery preparations, we have here studied CGRP uptake an organ preparation hemisected rat skull.CGRP was quantified by commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay. depleted using repetitive challenges capsaicin. After incubating...

This study compared the oxidative stress level and vasomotor dysfunction after exposure to urban dust, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DEP SWCNT increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured endothelial cells acellullarly, whereas dust did not generate ROS. The apoE(-/-) mice, which were exposed twice 0.5 mg/kg by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, had unaltered acetylcholine-elicited vasorelaxation aorta segments. There was...

Abstract: The effects of the K v 7 channel modulators retigabine (opener) and XE991 (blocker) on rat bladder function were investigated ex vivo in to assess potential openers for treatment overactive bladder. In organ bath studies, capsaicin‐stimulated urinary rings exposed effect tension amplitude was evaluated. anaesthetized rats, (0.01–1 mg/kg, i.v.) function, which overactivity induced by continuous infusion 0.5% acetic acid, assessed. (10 p.o.) cystometric parameters also measured...

Exposure to nanosized particles may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by endothelial dysfunction, particularly in susceptible subjects with metabolic syndrome. We investigated vasomotor dysfunction aorta from obese and lean Zucker rats after oral exposure carbon black (CB). Rats were exposed 1 or 10 weekly doses 0, 0.064, 0.64 6.4mg/kg bodyweight sacrificed 24h 13 weeks later. The 0.064 0.64mg/kg reduced acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation rats. half maximal effect concentration...

Endothelins act via two receptor subtypes, ETA and ETB . Under physiological conditions in coronary arteries, receptors expressed smooth muscle cells mediate vasoconstriction whereas mainly found endothelial vasorelaxation. However, under pathophysiological conditions, may also be vascular mediating vasoconstriction. Here, we have investigated whether vasoconstrictor are up-regulated arteries after experimental myocardial ischaemia rats.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to either heart...

Exposure to small size particulate matter in urban air is regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular effects, whereas there little information about the impact on system by exposure pure carbonaceous materials nano-size range. C60 fullerenes are nano-sized particles that expected have widespread use, including cosmetics and medicines.We investigated association between intraperitoneal injection of pristine vasomotor dysfunction aorta 11-13 40-42 weeks old apolipoprotein E knockout mice...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor are widely distributed within the circulation mechanism behind vasodilation not only differs from one animal species to another but is also dependent on type size of vessel. The present study examines nature CGRP-induced vasodilation, characteristics CGRP antagonist telcagepant localization key components calcitonin receptor-like (CLR) activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) in human subcutaneous arteries.CGRP-induced arteries were studied...

The aim of the study was to investigate whether Kv7 channels and their ancillary β-subunits, KCNE, are functionally expressed in human urinary bladder. were examined at molecular level by functional studies using RT-qPCR myography, respectively. We found mRNA expression KCNQ1, KCNQ3-KCNQ5 KCNE1-5 bladder from patients with normal function (n = 7) outflow obstruction 3). Interestingly, a 3.4-fold up-regulation KCNQ1 observed latter. channel subtype selective modulators, ML277 (activator Kv7.1...