Background Muscle soreness and decreased performance often follow a bout of high-intensity exercise. By reducing these effects, an athlete can train more frequently increase long-term performance. The purpose this study is to examine whether high-potency, black tea extract (BTE) alters the delayed onset muscle (DOMS), oxidative stress, inflammation, cortisol (CORT) responses anaerobic exercise.Methods College-age males (N = 18) with 1+ yrs weight training experience completed double-blind,...

Summary Reasons for performing study: Studies have demonstrated increases in mRNA expression inflammatory cytokines following exercise horses and suggested those markers of inflammation may play a role delayed onset muscle soreness. However, measurement white blood cells is an indirect method. No studies to date documented the cytokine response directly horses. Hypothesis: This study tested hypothesis that muscle. Methods: Blood biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy, unfit Standardbred mares...

With the increase in number of horses being used Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies (EAAT) programs with increasing concern for animal welfare, it is important to understand impact such interventions on stress level quality life involved. The purpose present pilot study was test hypothesis that participation EAAT would acutely alter physiological markers well-being, including plasma cortisol, oxytocin, heart rate variability (HRV), symptoms posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) be reduced...

We compared the effects of caffeinated vs non-caffeinated carbohydrate electrolyte (CE) drinks on urine volume (UV), free water clearance (CH20), fractional excretion (FEH20), and osmolar during 4 h rest or 1 followed by 3 cycling at 60 % V02max in six subjects. also tested maximal performance 85 following 3-h exercise trials. Throughout two resting trials + exencise trials, subjects ingested CE (total = 35 ml/kg) without (PLAC) with (CAFF) caffeine (25 mg/dl). Blood samples were collected,...

Abstract Objective To compare exercise-induced immune modulation in young and older horses. Animals 6 aged horses that were vaccinated against equine influenza virus. Procedure Venous blood samples collected for immunologic assessment before immediately after exercise at targeted heart rates determination of plasma lactate cortisol concentrations. Mononuclear cells assayed lymphoproliferative responses incubated with interieukin-2 (IL-2) to induce lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells....

Six intact (IN) and six splenectomized (SP) mares were subjected to an incremental exercise test examine the role of decreases in plasma volume (PV) changes hematocrit (Hct) normally seen with exercise. Each horse underwent which it ran on a treadmill up fixed incline 6 degrees. The started at speed 4 m/s, was increased 1 m/s each min until heart rate reached plateau. Blood samples obtained rest end 4, 5, 6, 7 steps test. Resting PV greater (P < 0.05) IN group (28.6 +/- 0.5 liters)...

The purpose of this study was to determine if a chronic hypervolemia would accompany endurance exercise training in the horse. Six mature previously inactive horses were utilized for study. During 5-wk experiment, five trained 14 d on treadmill ergometer at constant speed 5.6 km X hr-1 and grade 12.5% graduated lengths time. One horse by lunging trotting pace round pen. Following training, plasma volume increased 4.7 1 (29.1%, P less than 0.05). Although rate daily water intake did not...

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) can be measured as an indicator of autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance and thus, stress affective arousal. Mixed results have been reported in the limited literature addressing effects equine-assisted services (EAS) on HRV human horse participants. The aims present study were to determine ground-based adaptive horsemanship (AH) lessons veterans’ horses’ during weekly well resting outside lessons. Veterans with post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) randomly...

We hypothesized that central fatigue may have a role in limiting the endurance capacity of horses. Therefore, we tested effect infusing tryptophan and/or glucose on time and plasma concentrations free other substrates thought to affect uptake into brain seven mares (3–4 yr age, 353–435 kg) ran treadmill at 50% maximal O 2 consumption fatigue. With use counterbalanced crossover design, horses were infused with (100 mg/kg saline solution) or similar volume solution (placebo) before exercise....

SUMMARY In a retrospective study, records of 931 raptors admitted to the Avian Clinic at New York State College Veterinary Medicine and Owl Rehabilitation Research Foundation were evaluated determine prevalence, cause, distribution ocular lesions. Some form lesion was identified in 135 (14.5%) birds. Of these, 90% result physical injury. Collisions accounted for 33% lesions; gunshot wounds 11%. Unilateral lesions more common than bilateral lesions, with anterior segment being most frequently...

Twelve Standardbred mares underwent blood sampling for 24 h to test the hypothesis that there is diurnal variation of humoral mediators peripheral energy balance including active ghrelin, adiponectin, leptin, glucose, insulin, and cortisol. The experiment was conducted under acclimated conditions. Grass hay pelleted grain were provided at 0730 1530. Plasma concentrations ghrelin leptin both peaked (47.3 ± 6.5 pg/ mL 5.9 1.1 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.05) 1550, 20 min after feeding. Active...

Summary The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that ageing would result in a decline maximal heart rate (HR max ) and aerobic capacity (V̇O 2max and, secondarily, those effects be reversible with training. Eighteen, healthy, unfit Standardbred mares representing 3 age groups: young (Y = mean ± s.e. 6.8 0.4 years, n 6); middle‐aged (MA 15.2 old (O 27.0 0.2 6) were used. HR , V̇O oxygen pulse at (OP velocities producing (V̇HR (VV̇O measured during pretraining post‐training...

Summary It has long been known that body mass and, more specifically, lean are strongly correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) in man and animals. However, there no data to date describing this phenomenon the horse. The purpose of paper is examine relationship between composition V̇O Twenty‐three healthy unfit Standardbred mares performed an incremental exercise test (GXT) measure . Rump fat thickness (RTH), a covering, was measured using B‐mode ultrasound. Plasma volume, total...

Summary Reasons for performing study: Ageing appears to affect immune and neuroendocirne function in horses response acute exercise. No studies have examined the combined effects of training ageing on horses. Hypothesis: To ascertain whether age would plasma β‐endorphin (BE) cortisol (C) as well responses exercise Standardbred mares. Methods: Graded tests (GXT) simulated race (SRT) were performed before after 12 weeks at 60% HR max . BE C measured rest 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 120 min post GXT....

The athletic horse, despite being over 50% muscle mass, remains understudied with regard to the effects of exercise and training on skeletal metabolism. To begin address this knowledge gap, we employed an untargeted metabolomics approach characterize exercise-induced fitness-related changes in eight unconditioned Standardbred horses (four male, four female) before after a 12-week period. Before training, showed high degree individual variation metabolome, resulting very few differences...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect therapeutic levels clenbuterol, with and without exercise training, on body composition. Twenty-three unfit Standardbred mares were divided into four experimental groups: clenbuterol (2.4 μg/kg wt twice daily) plus (ClenEx; 20 min at 50% maximal oxygen consumption 3days/wk; n = 6), only (Clen; (Ex; 5), control (Con; 6). Rump fat thickness measured 2-wk intervals by using B-mode ultrasound, percent (%fat) calculated previously published...

SLEEPER, M. M., C. F. KEARNS, and K. H. McKEEVER. Chronic clenbuterol administration negatively alters cardiac function. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 643–650, 2002. Purpose of pharmacological levels β2-agonists have been shown to toxic effects on the heart; however, no data exist function after chronic administration. The purpose this study was examine effect therapeutic performance. Methods Twenty unfit Standardbred mares were divided into four experimental groups: (2.4...

Exercise-induced changes in renal function were examined during steady-state submaximal treadmill exercise six unfit mares. Horses randomly assigned to either an or parallel control (no exercise) trial on day 1 and the alternate wk later. The mares ran a treadmill, set at 6 degrees incline, for h 55-60% of maximal heart rate. Exercise significantly (P less than 0.05) increased plasma osmolality, [K+], urine flow (+ 45%), Na+ excretion 371%), K+ 57%), osmotic clearance 32%), 391%), 33%),...