The dynamic process of intense 50 fs laser ablation aluminum is investigated by ultrafast time-resolved microscopy. A stripe pattern preceding phase explosion clearly seen in the shadowgraph 1 ns time delay. Intermittent material ejections are observed within ejected plume after 2.5 and 7 delay, respectively, which may be attributed to response generation an extremely strong thermoelastic wave. Similar processes also recorded silicon glass samples, except for intermittent not found.

Lysosomal pH is closely related to the metastasis and apoptosis of cancer cells. Detecting lysosomal changes in cells could be helpful for analyzing tumor progressions in-depth study roles lysosomes invasion metastasis. Herein, we describe a novel tumor-targeting lysosome-specific two-photon fluorescent probe (BN-lys) imaging first time. Biotin was employed as module, morpholine selected group site control fluorescence by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. With pKa value 5.36,...

In this study, an optical setup for generating terahertz (THz) pulses through a two-color femtosecond laser filament was carefully designed to achieve precise overlap of in space and time. β-barium borate (BBO), α-BBO, dual-wavelength plate were used compensate the phase delay lasers. Tilting α-BBO could further realize spatial two beams by counteracting walk-off effect. The maximum output THz pulse energy reached 21 μJ argon gas when using commercial Ti:sapphire with 6 mJ at 1 kHz...

Gaining insight into the photoelectric behavior of ferromagnetic materials is significant for comprehensively grasping their intrinsic properties and broadening future application fields. Here, through a specially designed Fe

Micro holes with high aspect ratios are essential for the cooling performance of aero-engines. Challenges persist in deep hole drilling due to escalating stringent requirements terms diameters, ratios, and 3D profiles. In this study, we propose a two-step femtosecond laser method produce cylindrical micro diameters ∼100 μm, >20, near-zero taper angle Inconel 718 plates. first period, polarization trepanning is used, yielding through-holes >20 but undesired tapers irregular shapes at exit. A...

Abstract Bifunctional Co/H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites were prepared by a surface organometallic chemistry grafting route, namely, the stoichiometric reaction between cobaltocene and Brønsted acid sites in zeolites. The catalyst was applied to model of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation stearic (SA). cobalt species existed form isolated Co 2+ ions at exchange positions after grafting, transformed CoO on zeolite, stabilized inside zeolite channels upon calcination air, finally reduced hydrogen homogeneous...

Fundamental characteristics and underlying mechanisms of ultrafast ablation aluminum copper materials by short, from $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}24\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$, infrared laser pulses with relatively high-energy fluences are investigated in theory experiment. Two different regimes, nonthermal thermal, revealed to exist depending on the parameters. Theoretical analyses provide a detailed...

Microstructuring of Ti plates with femtosecond laser pulses is investigated in three different liquids. In these ambiences, complex microstructures voids and islands are produced on the sample surfaces, whose feature sizes controlled by parameters. Through adopting supersaturated Hydroxyapatite suspension higher incident fluences, it for first time to observe firm deposition biocompatible elements Ca-P microstructures. At lower fluence, only porous structure present but without additional...

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are increasingly being studied for their use in clinical and pre-clinical PET applications. Many groups have evaluated the performance of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters (MPPCs) from Hamamatsu Photonics. When coupled to scintillator crystals, these devices shown promising results terms energy timing resolution. The purpose this paper is analyze main factors that determine SiPM based detectors provide guidelines further optimization towards levels state-of-the-art...

Two-dimensional arrays of periodic nanostructures are fabricated on bulk tungsten surface within a single step using collinear propagation two time-delayed femtosecond laser beams with orthogonal polarizations. It is surprisingly found that the geometric profile structure unit exhibits triangle shape in hundred nanometer scales, and its spatial dimension can be modulated by ambient air pressure ranging from 1 atm to 10-3 Pa. As decreases, obtained structures display large depth covered...

Bacterial transmission from contaminated surfaces via hand contact plays a critical role in disease spread. However, the fomite-to-finger transfer efficiency of microorganisms during multiple sequential surface contacts with and without gloves has not been formerly investigated. We measured quantity Escherichia coli on fingertips participants after 1-8 inoculated plastic coupons nitrile gloves. A Bayesian approach was used to develop mechanistic model pathogen accretion examine finger...

An optimized remote material detection scheme based on the laser filament-induced plasma spectroscopy and light ranging (FIPS-LIDAR) is proposed in this work. The elemental composition concentration of aerosol are measured by FIPS-LIDAR. By focusing femtosecond with a large aperture (Φ41 cm) concave mirror coaxial fluorescence collection scheme, air at μg/m3 level has been realized distance 30 m. limit for Na+ droplets 8 ppm (3 air), which lowest that reported using millijoule pulse (4.4...

Serotonylation has been identified as a novel protein post-translational modification for decades, where an isopeptide bond is formed between the glutamine residue and serotonin through transamination. Transglutaminase 2 (also known TGM2 or TGase2) was proven to act main writer enzyme this PTM number of key regulatory proteins (including small GTPases, fibronectin, fibrinogen, transporter, histone H3) have characterized substrates serotonylation. However, due lack pan-specific antibodies...

Femtosecond pulse laser ablation of aluminum under different ambient air pressures between 1 atm and 4 × 10−4 Pa is investigated using a femtosecond time-resolved shadowgraphic method. It observed that as the pressure decreases, contact front becomes more distinct for certain range, demonstrating confinement effect to ablated target material can play critically important role in process. also found concentric semicircular stripe pattern, which results from diffraction probe beam by expanding...

We have proposed and demonstrated the generation of a high-energy, ultrashort pulse duration, GHz burst polarization-maintaining fiber amplification system that utilizes both chirped-pulse self-similar techniques. Such hybrid produces 22 μJ-energy bursts 200 pulses with 1.02-GHz intra-burst repetition rate 1-MHz inter-burst rate. The center wavelength amplified compressed is 1065 nm, 3 dB spectral bandwidth 65 nm. duration optimal compression ∼35 fs, which represents shortest reported to...

New high spatial resolution positron emission tomography (PET) detectors for small animal and breast imaging have been developed. In these detectors, position-sensitive photomultipliers (R7600-C12) dual-layer pixelated bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals are employed to detect localize gamma rays. Modified high-voltage dividers with last dynode readout circuits, front-end anode position, timing schemes investigated developed detectors. Methods combining four (PS-PMTs) simple (X/sup -/, X/sup...