Cryostat microtome sections of birch wood degraded by white rot fungi were examined light microscopy after treatment with two stains: astra-blue, which stains cellulose blue only in the absence lignin, and safranin, lignin regardless whether is present. The method provided a simple reliable screening procedure that distinguishes between cause decay selectively removing those degrade both simultaneously. Moreover, morphological characteristics specific to selective delignification revealed.

Treatment of wood chips with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping has been shown have great potential for mechanical as well chemical on a laboratory scale. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, when grown aspen or loblolly pine 4 weeks, was found be superior other fungi. On there an energy savings 47%, and increase in burst tear indices 22% 119%, respectively. With pine, amounted 37%, while increased by 41% 54%, The weight loss only 6%, but decrease optical properties had accepted. After sulfite...

ABSTRACT The industrially used ascomycete Trichoderma reesei secretes a typical yellow pigment during cultivation, while other species do not. A comparative genomic analysis suggested that putative secondary metabolism cluster, containing two polyketide-synthase encoding genes, is responsible for the synthesis. This cluster conserved in set of rather distantly related fungi, including Acremonium chrysogenum and Penicillium . In an attempt to silence T. , genes transcription factors were...

Vol. 62, no. 10, p. 3684, column 2, line 16: "Tri(methylsilyl)" should read "Tri(trimethylsilyl)." Line 17: "Di(methylsilyl)" "Di(trimethylsilyl)." 20: "Trimethylsilyl." Page 3686, 1, reference 12: The journal be Dokl. Akad. Nauk Belarusi. [This corrects the article on 3679 in vol. 62.].

Many ligninolytic fungi appear to lack lignin peroxidase (LiP), the enzyme generally thought cleave major, recalcitrant, nonphenolic structures in lignin. At least one such fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, is nevertheless able degrade these structures. Experiments showed that wood block cultures and defined liquid medium of C. subvermispora rapidly depolymerized mineralized a (sup14)C-labeled, polyethylene glycol-linked, high-molecular-weight (beta)-O-4 model compound (model I)...

The penetration of enzymes into wood cell walls during white rot decay is an open question. A postembedding immunoelectron microscopic technique was the method choice to answer that Infiltration pine specimens with a concentrated culture filtrate greatly improved labeling density and, thereby, reproducibility. Characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting (immunoblotting) revealed three closely spaced proteins molecular weights about...

Poly(lactic acid) as a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester has received increasing attention. This renewable found applications in wide range of products such food packaging, textiles and biomedical devices. Its major drawbacks are poor toughness, slow degradation rate lack reactive side-chain groups. An enzymatic process for the grafting carboxylic acids onto surface poly(L-lactic (PLLA) films was developed using Candida antarctica lipase B catalyst. Enzymatic hydrolysis PLLA film...

The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is industrially used for the production of cellulases. During process xylanases are co-secreted, which uses energy and nutrients. Cellulases share same main regulators, makes a knowledge-based strain design difficult. However, previously cis-element in promoter xylanase-encoding gene was identified as binding site putative repressor. Subsequently, three candidate repressors were pull-down approach. expression most promising candidate, Xpp1 (Xylanase...

Soils and decayed plant litter contain significant quantities of chlorinated aromatic polymers that have a natural but largely unknown origin. We used cupric oxide ligninolysis coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to show Curvularia inaequalis, widely distributed ascomycete, the rings lignin in wood it was degrading. In aspen for 24 weeks, two chlorolignin fragments, 5-chlorovanillin 2-chlorosyringaldehyde, were each found at approximately 10 mug/g (dry weight). These levels...

ABSTRACT Two fungal chloroperoxidases (CPOs), the heme enzyme from Caldariomyces fumago and vanadium Curvularia inaequalis , chlorinated 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dihydroxypropane, a dimeric model compound that represents major nonphenolic structure in lignin. Both enzymes also cleaved this dimer to give 1-chloro-4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzene 1,2-dichloro-4-ethoxy-5-methoxybenzene, they depolymerized synthetic guaiacyl Since CPOs occur soils fungi produce them are...

Lignin peroxidases (LiPs) are likely catalysts of ligninolysis in many white-rot fungi, because they have the unusual ability to depolymerize major, recalcitrant, non-phenolic structures lignin. Some fungi been reported lack LiP when grown on defined medium, but it is not clear whether exhibit full ligninolytic competence under these conditions. To address this problem, we compared abilities a known producer, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, with those nonproducer, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora,...

The white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora is able to degrade nonphenolic lignin structures but appears lack peroxidase (LiP), which generally thought be responsible for these reactions. It well established that LiP-producing fungi such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium via one-electron oxidation of its aromatic moieties, little known about ligninolytic mechanisms in apparent nonproducers LiP C. subvermispora. To address this question, and P. were grown on cellulose blocks given two...

Abstract Enzymatic functionalization is an attractive tool to provide a reactive interface for further processing of lignocellulosic materials, such as wood particles and fibers. Here, spruce have been functionalized by fungal laccase combined with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylamine (HMBA) or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylurea (HMBU). The expectation was crosslinking resins in subsequent glueing processes, which should improve strength properties particle boards. Essential process parameters, liquid...

Abstract Wood is colonised and degraded by a variety of micro-organisms, the most efficient ones are wood-rotting basidiomycetes. Microbial decay processes cause damage to wooden constructions, but also have great potential as biotechnological tools change properties wood surfaces sound wood. Standard methods evaluate changes in infected wood, e.g., EN350-1 1994, time-consuming. Rapid FT-NIR spectroscopic suitable for this purpose. In paper, degradation experiments on spruce ( Picea abies L....

Abstract Aldehydes and terpenes are the most frequently emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wood-processing industry. These emissions classified as injurious to health hazardous environment. To address this problem, growth conditions have been identified under which bacteria extensively degrade both aldehydes particularly pine wood particles a raw material for production of particle boards. In study, focus was on pentanal hexanal (aldehydes) well α- β-pinene (terpenes). Bacterial...

On examine les modifications de la porosite des parois cellulaires du bois pin sous l'action champignon pourriture brune Fomitopsis pinicola. utilise a cet effet penetration deux marqueurs (ovalbumine et myoglobine) mesuree par microscopie immunoelectronique