In intensive aquaculture systems, dissolved oxygen (DO) is the most critical and limiting factor for development health of aquatic organisms. Hypoxia a common phenomenon in aquaculture. Its effects on fish's growth immune system have been widely reported, but molecular mechanisms hypoxic stress damage to fish gut are not fully understood. Additionally, studies intestinal metabolism cobia (Rachycentron canadum) still limited. Therefore, this study used explore metabolism. study, combination...

Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen that has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer women. One major mechanisms metabolism elimination TAM its active metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) 4-OH-<i>N</i>-desmethyl-TAM (endoxifen; 4-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-desmethyl-tamoxifen) via glucuronidation. Although limited studies have performed characterizing glucuronidation 4-OH-TAM, no on endoxifen. In present study, characterization glucuronidating activities human UDP...

Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer women. One major mechanisms metabolism TAM one its active metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TAM), via glucuronidation. In present study, glucuronidating activities three common variant isoforms encoded by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 gene were examined against TAM, trans-4-OH-TAM cis-4-OH-TAM.HPLC was to detect glucuronide conjugates microsomes from UGT1A4-overexpressing HK293...

Objective Exemestane is a third-generation aromatase inhibitor used in the treatment of breast cancer postmenopausal women. Reduction to form 17-dihydroexemestane and subsequent glucuronidation exemestane-17-O-glucuronide major pathway for exemestane metabolism. The goal this study was analyze anti-aromatase activity, characterize pathway, determine whether functional polymorphisms active UGTs could play role altered glucuronidation. Methods Homogenates from HEK293 aromatase-overexpressing...

An investigation on the physiological responses and HSP70 expression under cold stress was conducted Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). were acclimated at 28°C as control then water temperature reduced from to 15°C a rate 1°C h−1, serum biochemical indices, antioxidant enzymes mRNA analysed days 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 5 after exposure 15°C. The concentration K, Na, Cl Ca showed instability during stress. Glucose rapidly increased day 0...

Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is an important cultured marine fish species in southern China. It characterized by fast growth. Due to the effects of climate change on water oxygen levels and seawater temperatures, understanding influence environmental changes cobia culture has become important. In this study, explore stress adaptability under hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions, were exposed oxygen-deficient environment with dissolved (DO) level 2.64 ± 0.25 mg/L. Serum liver function target,...

Abstract The fish immune system is a topic or subject that offers unique understanding of defensive evolution in vertebrate heredity. While gut microbiota plays several roles fish: well-being, promoting health and growth, resistance to bacterial invasion, regulation energy absorption, lipid metabolism. However, studies on face practical challenges due the large number varieties, fluctuating environmental conditions, differences feeding habits. This study was carried out evaluate impacts...

1-[4-(2-Dimethylaminoethoxy)-phenyl]-1,2-diphenylbut-1-(<i>Z</i>)-ene (tamoxifen, TAM) is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen that has been commonly used for the prevention and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. TAM extensively metabolized into several primary active metabolites including 4-hydroxy-TAM (4-OH-TAM) endoxifen. Glucuronidation major phase II metabolic pathway important in their excretion. Whereas high antiestrogenic activity reported both 4-OH-TAM endoxifen, studies...

We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, liver morphology, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome juvenile hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus polyphekadion♂). Four experimental diets supplemented with 0 (SL0), 0.4 (L1), 0.6 (L2), 1.2 (L3) g/kg α-LA were formulated fed three replicates grouper (24.06 ± 0.15 g) for 56 d. The results indicated that significantly decreased weight gain rate in...

Objective Exemestane (EXE) is a potent third-generation aromatase inhibitor used as endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment and prevention. Characterization of its metabolic pathway incomplete, with ambiguity existing the identity enzymes driving production key metabolite, 17β-dihydroexemestane (17β-DHE). The impact genetic variation on EXE metabolism also unknown. This study aims to describe cytosolic reductase involvement hepatic assess functional polymorphisms metabolite production....

In this study, cobia (Rachycentron canadum) juveniles were utilised as an aquatic model to explore growth performance and immune indices after 70 days of feeding with supplementation viable isolated microbes' concentrations 1 × 1010 1012 CFU/mL indigenous isolates Bacillus sp. RCS1 cereus strain RCS3, respectively. Regarding performance, fish provided the exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement. The hematological such red blood cells, white corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean...

Agrochemicals, also known as pesticides include nematicides, molluscicides, rodenticides, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides, can control pests, weeds, fungi, rodents, etc. The accumulation of in the food chain water has harmful effects on humans animals.  Despite advantages provided by pesticides, aquatic organisms human health are affected results continuous usage issues building up chemical substances organisms, such fish. Pesticides must be lethal to targeted species without any...

Large-scale fish farming faces many environmental stresses, which affect their immune systems, growth performance, and physiological homeostasis, resulting in increase susceptibility to infections. Some of the most common bacterial infections cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ) include streptococcosis, vibriosis, furunculosis mycobacteriosis, pastelleurosis. Probiotics could be helpful reducing or limiting incidence severe disease outbreaks. Therefore, present study aimed isolate indigenous...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are critical for controlling skeletal development of fish, which has significant influence on external morphology, functional exercise and even survival rate in aquaculture breeding. In this study, a total 19 bmp genes were identified cobia (Rachycentron canadum) these divided into six sub-families according to phylogenetic analysis, including bmp1, bmp3/11/15, bmp2/4/16, bmp9/10, bmp13/14 bmp5/6/7/8 subfamily. The BMPs, excepting BMP1, all possessed...