ABSTRACT Creep and saltation are the primary modes of surface transport involved in fluid‐like movement aeolian sands. Although numerous studies have focused on saltation, few creep, primarily because experimental difficulty limited amount theoretical information available this process. Grain size its distribution characteristics key controls sand their masses. Based a series wind tunnel experiments, paper presents new data regarding flux, obtained using flat sampler, creeping mass,...

Objective: Lassa virus (LASV) glycoprotein complex (GPC) contains retained stable-signal peptide (SSP), 1 (GP1), and 2 (GP2). Through serial passaging of LASV with inhibitors, adaptive mutants were obtained, most which had mutations in the transmembrane (TM) domain GP2. Characterizing fusion inhibitor target within TM GP2 provided insights for development drugs vaccines. Methods: We conducted membrane fusion, IIH6 inhibition, thermostability, viral growth kinetics assays to characterize...

The displacement-based back-analysis is an effective approach to determine the values of soil parameters a slope. However, applicability different methods varies. This paper divides into deterministic under frequentist inference and probabilistic Bayesian inference. A framework for proposed using maximum likelihood estimation, which typical method In back-analysis, dual annealing (DA) algorithm applied search globally optimal solution. considering spatial variability based on theory, random...

As one of the deadliest viruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) causes lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates. The suppression innate immunity leads to robust systemic replication EBOV, leading enhanced transmission. However, mechanism EBOV-host interaction is not fully understood. Here, we identified multiple dysregulated genes early stage EBOV infection through transcriptomic analysis, which are highly clustered Jak-STAT signaling. VP35 VP30 were found inhibit type I interferon...

Abstract Aeolian sand transport is caused by wind erosion, which the main cause of environmental problems such as land desertification, blown disasters and air pollution. Previous research results engineering practices have confirmed that vegetation improvement has long‐term comprehensive benefits for controlling aeolian transport. The role in can be explained complexity atmospheric, earth biosphere systems. However, lack a universal model used to predict rate on vegetated surface different...

Aeolian sand transport is an important component of material circulation above terrestrial surfaces and can include processes creep, saltation, suspension. The complex movement energy during aeolian has meant that these have previously been examined in isolation. Although a significant amount research conducted on transport, this focused primarily saltation. As result, there are few data available grain due to lack theoretical models the difficulty direct measurements. In study, we present...

Abstract The topographic parameters and propagation velocity of aeolian sand ripples reflect complex erosion, transport, deposition processes on the land surface. In this study, three Nikon cameras located in windward (0–1 m), middle (4.5–5.5 downwind (9–10 m) zones a 10 m long bed are used to continuously record changes ripples. Based data extracted from these images, study reaches following conclusions. (1) initial formation full development times over flatbed decrease with wind velocity....

Abstract Creep is an important mode of aeolian sand transport, but it has received little attention in previous studies due to experimental difficulties and insufficient theory. In this study, we conducted 116 groups experiments with three repeats for each group a wind tunnel measure the creeping mass four different mean grain sizes (152, 257, 321, 382 µm) over six bed lengths (2.0, 3.5, 5.0, 6.5, 8.0, 10.0 m) at friction velocities (0.23, 0.35, 0.41, 0.47, 0.55, 0.61 m/s). We attempted...

The discrete element method is used to study the deformation process and failure mechanism of rock masses under uniaxial compression when initial joint frequency increases. In this study, a systematic analysis carried out investigate mechanisms in with special emphasis on macroscopic processes micromechanical origin. influences joints strength, deformability, stress–strain relationship, mode are studied at level. tensile shear crack distribution, fragment characteristics, energy dissipation...

Abstract Aeolian sand transport is a widespread physical phenomenon on the surface of Earth, as well Mars and Titan. Accurate measurements components system are necessary if we to understand nature processes. Sand traps typically used measure sediment rates, issues associated with sampling efficiency development reliable have received considerable attention in recent decades. In this study, measured aeolian rate at five distances from wind tunnel sidewall using vertically‐segmented trap....

Abstract Ripples are prevalent in aeolian landscapes. Many researchers have focused on the shape and formation of sand ripples, but few studied differences particle size crests troughs along bed, especially variations caused by changes friction velocity wind‐blowing duration. A 158 μm ( d ) was used to create ripples a wind tunnel under four velocities u *) with different duration times t ). Samples were collected from surfaces ripple troughs, respectively, at seven sites, sizes measured...

Since gyro azimuths are affected by the complex environmental factors that present in underground spaces, adjustment model should take this into account. In general, considered to be errorless or equal precision observations model, which leads overestimation underestimation of weight azimuths. To improve networks, measured with a magnetic levitation gyroscope, an for survey network individually weighted is proposed. The proposed method was tested on equivalent mock-up tunnels associated Hong...

Abstract Due to the location of Yungang Grottoes, freeze–thaw cycles contribute significantly degradation mechanical properties sandstone. The factors influencing cycle are classified into two categories: external environmental conditions and inherent rock itself. Since parameters each rock, effect on cannot be investigated by control variates method. An adaptive multi-output gradient boosting decision trees (AMGBDT) algorithm is proposed fit nonlinear relationships between physical factors....

In unsupervised feature selection, the intrinsic structural information of data is often ignored, and interconnection relationships between are not fully utilized. This paper proposes an selection (UFS) method based on dual manifold learning spatial latent representation (DMDSL) to explore utilize inherent in data. Firstly, utilizes geometric structure space guide mapping high-dimensional low-dimensional representations final pseudo-label learning. The makes utilization local more complete....

<title>Abstract</title> The LASV glycoprotein complex (GPC) contains a retained stable signal peptide (SSP), GP1, and GP2. SSP interacts with GP2 provides an interface targeted by numerous fusion inhibitors. Serialpassaging of inhibitors allowed some adaptive mutants to be obtained, most which had mutations located in the transmembrane (TM) domain In current study, we focused on F446L mutant, is reported confer resistance ST-series We found that cells conferred cross-resistance structurally...