ABSTRACT A stable and scalable polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal window which electrically switches from transparent to opaque has been fabricated. Scanning electron microscope measurement shows that higher polymer concentration will induce denser network in stabilized system then stronger anchoring force between molecules, resulting larger operating voltage. The cell with gap a lower saturated transmittance the voltage‐on state, attributed number of scattering domains thick cell. optimized...

Here we report the fabrication of dye-doped polymer-stabilized liquid crystals (PSLC)-based smart windows. The effect dye doping on PSLC contrast was investigated. Non-dichroic tints sample in both off- and on-state, which is not beneficial for increasing its off/on contrast. doped with dichroic shows a slight color off-state strong resulting an enhanced contrast, attributed to orientation dependent absorption dyes. Furthermore, blended non-dichroic who have complementary together into...

Abstract Electroconvection (EC) in liquid crystals (LCs) is extensively studied for the formation of regular nonequilibrium structures, and applications that require strong light scattering high haze. Doping LCs with ionic species has proven to be an effective method obtain uniform high‐quality textures. Herein, zwitterion explored as a new class dopant little problem ion accumulation compared typical organic electrolytes. A rich variety EC patterns are observed characterized both positive...

We transform patterned defects into high-aspect-ratio poly-regional surface topographies. The active intricate textures are induced by generated shear forces under external stimuli.

By introducing appropriate surfactants to nonpolar solvents, charged inverse micelles can be incorporated as charge carriers, facilitating stable particle suspensions via electrostatic interactions. The presence of these carriers enables electric-field-induced transport phenomena, notably electrophoresis and electro-osmosis, occur in systems. As a consequence, nonpolar-solvent systems are used wide range applications, such electronic paper displays smart windows. In previously reported...

Polymer stabilised liquid crystal (PSLC) devices are widely used in various smart light modulation occasions. Their electro-optical properties can still be improved to address future challenges. It is well known that doping (LC) materials with nanoparticles change the material's performance. In this study, silver (AgNPs) size about 15–20 nm and surfactant were doped into PSLC devices. The effects of AgNPs on performances studied. result shows increase dielectric anisotropy LC mixture. have...

In this study, we fabricated a temperature-responsive infrared reflector that adjusts to temperature changes by changing its transmittance of incident IR light. The device utilized thermally induced change in the pitch cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) achieve near-infrared light reflection particular wavelength range. addition, polymer-stabilized (PSCLC) was used as an alternative further optimize performance. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate material allow be flexible....

Abstract Polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices can realize fast switching between transparent and scattering state, have been widely applied as smart windows optical shutters. It has many advantages such high transmittance, haze value, response speed, low driving voltage. The electro‐optical of PSLC depends on the properties molecules influence polymer network motion molecules. In this paper, effect morphology performance is systematically studied. By adding mono‐acrylate monomer...

Electrowetting with a dielectric layer is commonly preferred in practical applications. However, its potential often limited by factors like the properties of and breakdown, along complexity deposition method. Fortunately, advancements 3D inkjet printing offer more adaptable solution for making patterned functional layers. In this study, we used negative photoresist (HN-1901) to create new an electrowetting display on 3-inch ITO glass using Dimatix DMP-2580 printer. The resulting devices...

Polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices can be used as smart privacy windows that switch between transparent and opaque states. The polyimide alignment layer of a PSLC device is usually obtained by the treatment polyamide acid (PAA) with temperatures over 200 °C. This hinders fabrication on flexible substrates, which melt at these high temperatures. In this work, using lower temperature compatible most demonstrated. It was found PAA 150 °C could generate same for crystals. Based...

Heat sinks are widely used in electronic devices with high heat flux. The design and build of microstructures on has shown effectiveness improving dissipation efficiency. In this paper, four kinds treatment methods were to make different sink surfaces, thermal radiation coating also applied onto the surfaces improve radiation. surface roughness, emissivity performance without studied. result shows that an increase can up 2.5 times. With a microstructures, was further improved because...

CdSe/ZnS quantum-dot-converted elements (QDCEs) are good candidates for substituting rare-earth phosphor-converted (PCEs) in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs); however, studies on their scattering and absorption properties scarce, suppressing further increment the optical thermal performance of LEDs. Therefore, we introduce finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to achieve critical parameters QDCEs when used LEDs; cross-section (coefficient), phase distributions presented compared with...

Abstract Microlenses and microlens arrays are one of the indispensable components in modern optical systems ranging from imaging beam shaping to polarization control switchable 2D/3D displays. Among them, liquid crystal microlenses (LCMs) with size below 1 mm have attracted more attention due their stimuli‐responsiveness tunability focal length polarization. Compared based on inorganic binary optics, diffractive elements, or metasurface, LCMs cost‐effective can be easily tuned. In this...

Optical fiber facet has rapidly emerged as a powerful light-coupling platform for integrating metasurfaces with miniaturized footprint and multifarious functionalities, through direct lithographic patterning or decal transfer. However, the integrated investigated so far have been usually limited to high refractive index (RI) materials, thus leading severe impedance mismatch at fiber/metasurface interface low efficiency. Here we report single-mode (SMF) metalens based on low-RI material. We...

In this paper, we analyze some kinds of potential energies, such as the geopotential energy, electrostatic chemical mass entransy and so on. It is found that they all can be expressed product a conservative extensive quantity an intensity quantity. This kind energy named entransy. Based on concept entransy, decrease principle developed. isolated system always decreases when transferred in system. Furthermore, criteria equilibrium state for common closed are derived basis reaches its state,...

Polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices modulating the light that goes through them have broad applications. In this study, to improve electro-optical properties of a PSLC device, Ag nanowires with diameter about 20 nm were doped into active layer different concentrations. The influence concentration on driving voltage, on-state response time and frequency modulation characteristics device studied. results indicate doping can reduce voltage cell up 42%. decrease by 41%. Meanwhile,...

The inverse design approach has enabled the customized of photonic devices with engineered functionalities through adopting various optimization algorithms. However, conventional algorithms for encounter difficulties in multi-constrained problems due to substantial time consumed random searching process. Here, we report an efficient method, based on physics-model-based neural networks (PMNNs) and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory, engineering focusing behavior binary phase planar...

Liquid crystal (LC) photonic devices have attracted intensive attention in recent decades, due to the merits of tunability, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. However, precise efficient simulation large-scale three-dimensional electrically stimulated LC remains challenging resource consuming. Here we report a straightforward nonuniform finite difference method (NFDM) for efficiently simulating by employing spatially mesh grid. We show that NFDM can be further accelerated approximately...