Left-right (LR) asymmetry (handedness, chirality) is a well-conserved biological property of critical importance to normal development. Changes in orientation the LR axis due genetic or environmental factors can lead malformations and disease. While organs whole organisms has been extensively studied, little known about at cellular multicellular levels. Here we show that cultivation cell populations on micropatterns with defined boundaries reveals intrinsic chirality be readily determined by...

Hierarchical models of auditory processing often posit that optimal stimuli, i.e., those eliciting a maximal neural response, will increase in bandwidth and decrease modulation rate as one ascends the neuraxis. Here, we tested how interact at several loci along human central pathway using functional MRI cardiac-gated, sparse acquisition design. Participants listened passively to both narrowband (NB) broadband (BB) carriers (1/4- or 4-octave pink noise), which were jittered about mean...

Memory consolidation is a process to stabilize short-term memory, generating long-term memory. A critical biochemical feature of memory requirement for gene expression. Previous studies have shown that fear memories are consolidated through the activation expression in amygdala and hippocampus, indicating essential roles these brain regions formation. However, it still poorly understood whether other than amygdala/hippocampus required memory; however, several known play modulatory...

Structural and functional brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (SZ) have been widely reported. However, a few studies investigated both structural characteristics SZ patients at different stages to understand the neuropathology of SZ.In this study, we recruited 44 first-episode drug-naive (FESZ) patients, medicated chronic (CSZ) 56 normal controls (NCs) acquired their resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We then made group comparisons on characteristics, including regional gray...

The retrieval of fear memory induces two opposite process, i.e., reconsolidation and extinction. Brief to maintain or enhance memory, while prolonged extinguishes this memory. Although the mechanisms extinction have been investigated, it remains unknown how phases are switched from during retrieval. Here, we show that an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent transition process after regulates switch by preventing induction in inhibitory avoidance (IA) task male mice. First,...

Abstract Attention is the process of selecting relevant information and suppressing irrelevant information. However, it still controversial whether attentional capture by salient but task‐irrelevant stimuli operates in a bottom‐up fashion (stimulus‐driven theory) or top‐down (goal‐driven if even distractors can be suppressed before capturing attention (signal suppression theory). In present study, we investigated how saliency affects (indexed N2‐posterior‐contralateral [N2pc]) distractor...

Abstract Prior research has yet to fully elucidate the impact of varying relative saliency between target and distractor on attentional capture suppression, along with their underlying neural mechanisms, especially when social (e.g. face) perceptual color) information interchangeably serve as singleton targets or distractors, competing for attention in a search array. Here, we employed an additional paradigm investigate effects (as assessed by N2pc) suppression PD) color face distractors...

Altered intra- and interregional synchronization in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a resting-state fMRI study Lin Wu,1,2,* Yue Zhang,3,* Fuqing Zhou,1,2,* Lei Gao,2 Laichang He,1,2 Xianjun Zeng,1,2 Honghan Gong1,2 1Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 2Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute, 3Department Hospital Jiangxi University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Province, People's Republic China *These authors contributed...

Abstract Cerebellar function is regulated by cholinergic mossy fiber inputs that are primarily derived from the medial vestibular nucleus ( MVN ) and prepositus hypoglossi PHN ). In contrast to growing evidence surrounding transmission its functional significance in cerebellum, intrinsic synaptic properties of projection neurons C h PN s) have not been clarified. this study, we generated choline acetyltransferase AT )‐td T omato transgenic rats, which specifically express fluorescent protein...

Hierarchical models of auditory processing often posit that optimal stimuli, i.e., those eliciting a maximal neural response, will increase in bandwidth and decrease modulation rate as one ascends the neuraxis. Here, we tested how interact at several loci along human central pathway using functional MRI cardiac-gated, sparse acquisition design. Participants listened passively to both narrowband (NB) broadband (BB) carriers (1/4- or 4-octave pink noise), which were jittered about mean...

Automatic detection of information changes in the visual environment is crucial for individual survival. Researchers use oddball paradigm to study brain’s response frequently presented (standard) stimuli and occasionally (deviant) stimuli. The component that can be observed difference wave called mismatch negativity (vMMN), which obtained by subtracting event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked deviant from ERPs standard. There are three hypotheses explain vMMN. sensory fatigue (or...

Achieving high-resolution, identity consistency, and accurate lip-speech synchronization in face visual dubbing presents significant challenges, particularly for real-time applications like live video streaming. We propose MuseTalk, which generates lip-sync targets a latent space encoded by Variational Autoencoder, enabling high-fidelity talking generation with efficient inference. Specifically, we project the occluded lower half of image itself as an reference into low-dimensional use...

The structure and composition of the round window membrane (RWM) make it a particularly effective pathway for drug delivery to inner ear. Therefore, predicting efficiency RWM transport would provide useful information enhancing local application. In present study, mathematical model was established achieve this goal. A series drugs with different physicochemical properties were introduced in ear cavity guinea pigs via by intratympanic perilymphatic concentration (C) data used calculate...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent chronic disease characterized by fragmentation and intermittent hypoxemia. Several studies suggested that electrophysiological changes neurocognitive abnormalities occurred in OSAS patients. In this study, we compared automatic processing of emotional facial expressions schematic patients matched healthy controls via assessing expression-related mismatch negativity (EMMN).Twenty-two (mean age 44.59 years) twenty-one 42.71 were enrolled...

Abstract Memory reconsolidation is thought to maintain or enhance an original memory add new information the memory. Retrieved inhibitory avoidance (IA) enhanced through by activating gene expression in amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus. However, it remains unclear how these regions interact reconsolidate/enhance IA Here, we found interactions between amygdala mPFC as upstream regulators of hippocampus for reconsolidation. Pharmacological inactivation mPFC,...