Abstract Using a combination of Doppler radar observations and rain gauge data, this study documents detailed aspects the orographic precipitation associated with Typhoon Morakot (2009). Rainfall distribution over underlying topographical features possible physical mechanisms responsible for observed enhancement are explored. The region constitutes an approximately two-dimensional, south–north-oriented barrier higher, wider (lower, narrower) terrain in its northern (southern) portions (i.e.,...

Typhoon rainfall characteristics over a mesoscale mountainous watershed (drainage area of 620 km 2 ) located in eastern Taiwan were analyzed to fill the gaps our knowledge concerning linkage between typhoon track, patterns, and flood peak time. This study used spatially high‐resolution radar‐derived estimates from 38 storm events (∼2800 h) investigate this linkage. The effect spatial patterns on timing for selected was examined with aid diffusive wave model. results show that aggregated...

Abstract This study uses high-resolution radar and surface observations to investigate the finescale structural evolution of airflow precipitation over complex terrain in Pyeongchang area, South Korea. The Taebaek Mountain range (TMR) runs parallel northeastern coast Korea, with a perpendicular ridge known as branch (PCB). objective this was identify mechanisms wintertime these topographic features during passage low pressure system (LPS) through southern Korean Peninsula. analysis indicates...

Abstract With measurements from two ground-based Doppler radars located in northern Taiwan, this study documents the detailed aspects of intense orographic precipitation associated with Typhoon Xangsane (2000) as it moved northward immediately off eastern coast bringing strong low-level northeasterly to north-northeasterly winds impinging on mountainous coast. relatively good, persistent coverage radar echoes both inland and upstream regions, particular event provides a unique description...

Abstract An orographic/nonorographic rainfall classification scheme has been introduced for the operational algorithm of Global Satellite Mapping Precipitation (GSMaP) passive microwave radiometers. However, problems overestimations and false alarms heavy orographic remain unresolved. This is because current selected lower constant thresholds conditions global application used values orographically forced upward motion w derived from near-surface atmospheric data. study improves conceptual...

Four types (2D-video disdrometer: 2DVD; precipitation occurrence sensor system: POSS; micro-rain radar: MRR; and Joss–Waldvogel JWD) of sixteen instruments were collocated within a square area 400 m2 from 16 April to 8 May 2008 for intercomparison drop size distribution (DSD) rain. This unique dataset was used study the inherent measurement uncertainty due diversity measuring principles sampling sizes four instruments. The DSD shows generally good agreement among them, except that POSS MRR...

This study uses airborne Doppler radar observations to describe the mesoscale structure and evolution of a cold frontal system as it made landfall on mountainous coast Oregon northern California 1 December 1995 during Coastal Observations Simulations with Topography experiment. section coastline constitutes steep, approximately two-dimensional north–south-oriented orographic barrier. The front exhibited northeast–southwest orientation thus intersected axis high terrain at an acute angle....

Abstract Landsliding usually occurs on specific hillslope aspect, which may reflect the control of geo‐environmental factors, triggering or their interaction. To explore this notion, study used island‐wide landslide inventories Chi‐Chi earthquake in 1999 ( M W = 7.6) and Typhoon Morakot 2009 Taiwan to investigate preferential orientation landslides controls triggers geological settings. The results showed two patterns. orientations earthquake‐triggered were toward aspect facing away from...

Abstract This study uses temporally high-resolution surface observations, Doppler radar, and micro rain radar to document the finescale features of two landfalling rainbands associated with Typhoon Longwang (2005) as they passed over northern Taiwan. The present case allows a unique opportunity investigate well-defined, convectively active tropical cyclone land. In particular, pressure fluctuations observed during passage their possible causes are explored. were predominantly convective in...

Abstract This study uses ground-based dual-Doppler radar and surface observations to document the structural features of arc-shaped echoes (ASREs) evident along an outer rainband Typhoon Longwang as it approached northern Taiwan on 1 October 2005. The particular aim this is explore possible distinction between present case, previously documented tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs), squall lines. dual-Doppler-derived fields show that leading precipitation studied ASREs exhibited a convective...

Abstract This study documents offshore convective lines along the southeastern coast of Taiwan, a frequent but poorly understood mesoscale phenomenon that influences coastal weather during Taiwan mei-yu season. Doppler radar and surface observations were gathered from specially chosen period (11–15 May 1998) when active off Taiwan. These used to show basic character, structure, possible formative processes lines. The synoptic environment accompanying these events was found be relatively...

Abstract This study used ground-based dual-Doppler observations to explore an understanding of kinematic characteristics the southwesterly flow associated with southwest (SW) and ordinary (OR) typhoons immediately off southwestern coast Taiwan. The SW typhoon stated herein is referred as a (without) obvious combination its outer circulations summer monsoon active over South China Sea. Six events [Mindulle (2004), Kalmaegi (2008), Morakot (2009), Talim (2005), Jangmi Fungwong (2008)] were...

Tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs) are not only one of the most striking and persistent features tropical cyclones (TCs) but also major causes for extreme floods as TCs approach or encounter land area. TCRs have been traditionally considered manifestations atmospheric waves initiated near eyewall close to TC center. However, limited evidence from recent studies showed possibility develop squall-line-like characteristics in outer region TCs. In this study, degree prevalence similarity is...

Abstract This study utilizes data compiled over 21 years (1993–2013) from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan to investigate statistical characteristics typhoon-induced rainfall for 53 typhoons that have impacted Taiwan. In this work are grouped into two datasets: one includes selected conventional weather stations (referred as Con-ST), and other contains all available rain gauges (250–500 gauges, mostly automatic ones; referred All-ST). The primary aim is understand potential impacts...

Abstract With radar measurements and temporally high-resolution surface observations, this study investigates fluctuations associated with tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs) observed in the vicinity of Taiwan during 2000–08. A total 263 TCRs identified from 37 typhoon events period were analyzed to show mean common nature perturbations various meteorological variables passage TCRs. The main patterns thermodynamic fluctuations, as revealed composite analysis all TCRs, include a persistent...

This study utilized ground‐based Doppler radar observations to document the detailed structures of an outer tropical cyclone rain band ( TCR ) Typhoon Longwang (2005) as passed over topography northern Taiwan on 1 October 2005. The was oriented northeast–southwest and roughly parallel mountain barrier with a higher (lower) terrain height in its southern (northern) landfalling segment. During pre‐landfall stage, characterized by convective precipitation inner side, where front‐to‐rear flow...

Abstract This study uses airborne Doppler radar measurements from the Special Observing Period of Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) to document detailed airflow and precipitation structure over mountainous regions near border northeastern Italy Slovenia as a cold frontal system moved eastward encountered eastern Alps on 4 October 1999, during MAP IOP5. In contrast previously documented cases, environmental conditions associated with this case are characterized by deep layer strong convective...

Typhoons episodically trigger landslides and export large quantities of particulate dissolved organic carbon (POC DOC) to the ocean from high-standing islands western North Pacific. On landslide scars, new soils are forming (OC) re-accumulates; however, these young may remain vulnerable recurrent erosion. Here, we examined soil aggregate breakdown concomitant release OC on recovering scars in Taiwan. We calculated kinetic energies falling raindrops during two past typhoon events that hit...

Abstract. Acquisition of accurate raindrop fall speed measurements outdoors in natural rain by means moderate-cost and easy-to-use devices represents a long-standing challenging issue the meteorological community. Feasibility experiments were conducted to evaluate indoor accuracy made with high-speed camera its capability for outdoor applications. An experiment operating calm conditions showed that imaging technique can provide mean error 4.1–9.7 % compared Gunn Kinzer's empirical...

Abstract This study uses a dense rain gauge network, radar observations, and an upslope model to document the detailed aspects of precipitation over Da-Tun Mountain (DT) northern Taiwan under prevailing northeasterly monsoonal flow. DT is one most concentrated areas heavy rainfall in Taiwan, with size ~15 km terrain peak ~1 (MSL), it constitutes concave ridge two windward arms that encompass funnel-shaped valley. Twenty-one events identified from January 2011 February 2015 are chosen for...

Abstract Taiwan rainbands (TRs), defined here as convective lines, which form off the mountainous eastern coast of under weakly synoptically forced weather conditions, are a well-known mesoscale phenomenon, but their formative processes remain subject debate. This study uses surface and radar observations within coastal zone NCEP reanalysis data to document long-lived TR with lifetime ~36 h during 1–3 March 2003 advance current general understanding mechanisms responsible for TR’s formation...

Abstract Outer tropical cyclone rainbands (TCRs) are a concentrated region of heavy precipitation and hazardous weather within cyclones (TCs). TCRs pose considerable risk to human societies, but their origin remains unresolved. Here, we identify total 1029 outer at formative stage from 95 TCs present large collection radar observations in order establish robust foundation the natural diversity rainband origin. The results show dominance for observed TCRs, distinct contrast theoretical...

Abstract Convective lines frequently occurring off the mountainous coast of southeastern Taiwan under weakly synoptically forced weather conditions are one most well-known mesoscale phenomena in Taiwan. These usually develop close to but can also be observed well offshore. While nearshore better understood, formative processes offshore remain unclear. The main objective this study is use various available observations (e.g., Doppler radar, surface and sounding observations, QuikSCAT, NCEP...