Fullerene compounds have avid reactivity with free radicals and are regarded as ‘radical sponges’. The trimalonic acid derivative of fullerene is one the water-soluble that has been synthesized found to be an effective antioxidant both in vivo vitro. Carboxyfullerene shown treatment Gram-positive -negative infections, although its mode action poorly understood. We determined MIC minimal bactericidal concentration carboxyfullerene for 20 isolates, including Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus...

Detecting changes in land use and cover (LULC) from space has long been the main goal of satellite remote sensing (RS), yet existing available algorithms for cloud classification are not reliable enough to attain this an automated fashion. Clouds very strong optical signals that dominate results change detection if they removed completely imagery. As various architectures deep learning (DL) have proposed advanced quickly, their potential perceptual tasks widely accepted successfully applied...

Few models are capable of simultaneously simulating the sequences landslide occurrence and sediment export. Quantification temporarily stored within watershed plays a key role to link hillslope landslides with fluvial In this study, two coupled were proposed simulate time-series total area subsequent export on daily basis only inputs rainfall runoff. The model considers per-existing new landslide, transport incorporates storage variable. well evaluated Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (EC) 0.89...

The western tropical Pacific gives birth to 23 cyclones annually, bringing torrential rainfall mountainous islands across Oceania resulting in a global sediment production hotspot, which many rivers have great hyperpycnal potential. By using temperature (T) and salinity (S) profiler, we observed anomalously warm, low turbid water at 3000–3700 m depths seas ∼180 km off southwestern Taiwan immediately after Typhoon Morakot 2009. This 250m‐thick bottom‐hugging occupies ∼2400 2 , contains 0.15%...

Rice straw open-field burning is practiced in many countries and has been proven to be a significant source of emissions during the harvest season. Current approaches obtain fraction rice subject open vary significantly, can lead incorrectly estimating air pollutant emissions. This study proposes remote sensing approach by classifying high-resolution imagery taken Formosat-2 (FS-2) map burned areas paddy fields season provide visualized accurate estimations. We requested FS-2 image...

This paper reviews the efforts made and experiences gained in developing Flood Prevention Emergency Response System (FPERS) powered by Google Earth Engine, focusing on its applications at three stages of floods. At post-flood stage, FPERS integrates various remote sensing imageries, including Formosat-2 optical imagery to detect monitor barrier lakes, synthetic aperture radar derive an inundation map, high-spatial-resolution photographs taken unmanned aerial vehicles evaluate damage river...

The successful operation of FORMOSAT-2, which was launched on May 21, 2004, proved the concept that temporal resolution a remote sensing system can be much improved by deploying high spatial sensor in daily revisit orbit, and each accessible scene systematically observed from same angle under similar illumination conditions. These characteristics make FORMOSAT-2 an ideal satellite for site surveillance. unique orbit arrangement charge-coupled device lines onboard however, also raise new...

For many coastal waters, total suspended matter (TSM) plays a major role in key biological, chemical and geological processes. Effective mapping monitoring technologies for TSM are therefore needed to support research investigations environmental assessment management efforts. Although several investigators have demonstrated that or sediments can be successfully mapped using MODIS 250 m data relatively large water bodies, is of more limited use smaller estuaries bays aquatic systems with...

We report the successful case of a rapid response to flash flood in I-Lan County Taiwan with map inundated areas derived from COSMO-SkyMed 1 radar satellite imagery within 24 hours. The was caused by intensive precipitation brought Typhoon Soulik July 2013. Based on ensemble forecasts trajectory, an urgent request spaceborne SAR made hours before landfall. Two images were successfully acquired when center had just crossed northern part Taiwan. standard level-1b product...

This paper proposes a new approach of using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), in which AHP was combined with bivariate analysis and correlation statistics to evaluate importance pairwise comparison. Instead summarizing expert experience establish scale, we then analyze between properties related factors actual landslide data study area. In addition, dependence are also used coefficients preparatory factors. The product this research is susceptibility map (LSM) generated by five (slope,...

A new method for detecting object edges, called the fuzzy Sobel method, is proposed. The logic methodology applied to extract feature value an image and a Sugeno-type reasoning strategy adopted edge enhancement. Such can improve drawbacks of conventional approaches, instance, Prewitt methods. In two traditional methods, they use fixed parameters all kinds images so that might have success in one but fail another one. on other hand, find four threshold values automatically then them construct...

We report on the actions of first daily revisit satellite, FORMOSAT‐2, in recent Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. Starting from images Banda Aceh and Phuket taken 28 December 2004, FORMOSAT‐2 used its unique orbit pointable sensor system to demonstrate extent which it is able respond emergencies. A total 137 throughout rim countries were within a month. The data immediately analysed turned into damage‐assessment maps other information resources for humanitarian aid. This paper focuses...

Landslides and debris flow events triggered by substantial precipitation in typhoon often cause enormous damage. It is crucial to rapidly acquire, process, distribute the most updated information of disaster areas, particularly optical images with high-spatial resolution. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) provides an innovative approach remote sensing that much cheaper, safer, more flexible for deployment a small area, ranging from few tens square kilometers. This paper demonstrates...

Abstract Landsliding usually occurs on specific hillslope aspect, which may reflect the control of geo‐environmental factors, triggering or their interaction. To explore this notion, study used island‐wide landslide inventories Chi‐Chi earthquake in 1999 ( M W = 7.6) and Typhoon Morakot 2009 Taiwan to investigate preferential orientation landslides controls triggers geological settings. The results showed two patterns. orientations earthquake‐triggered were toward aspect facing away from...

An expert system was developed to integrate all useful spatial information and help the interpreters determine landslide shaded areas quickly accurately. The intersection of two spectral indices, namely normalized difference vegetation index green red index, as well first principle component panchromatic band, is employed automatically regional thresholds nonvegetation dark areas. These boundaries are overlaid on locally enhanced image digital topography model closely inspect each area with...

Abstract Climate variability and man-made impacts have severely damaged forests around the world in recent years, which calls for an urgent need of restoration aiming toward long-term sustainability forest environment. This paper proposes a new three-level decision tree (TLDT) approach to map forest, shadowy, bare low-vegetated lands sequentially by integrating three spectral indices. TLDT requires neither image normalization nor atmospheric correction, improves on other methods introducing...

We develop a fast and accurate method that is able to automatically select match large amount of ground control regions (GCRs) for orthorectifying remote sensing imagery. This new comprised four modules, namely automatic extraction GCRs, image-to-image matching, iterating filtering rigorous orthorectification. assess the accuracy this by processing high-temporal- high-spatial-resolution Formosat-2 Results show orthoimage with root mean square error less than 1.5 pixels can be generated from...

We describe the results of in-orbit radiometric calibration remote sensing instrument (RSI) onboard Formosat-2, based on ground data collected by advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) team at Ivanpah Playa Railroad Valley during regular field campaigns in 2006 2008. These are normalized preflight values provided Astrium, France, compared with in-flight calibrations made Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, France. The coefficients long-term degrading trend RSI...

Abstract Landsliding induced by earthquakes and rainstorms in montane regions is not only a sculptor for shaping the landscape, but also driver delivering sediments above‐ground biomass downstream. However, terrain attributes of earthquake‐ rainstorm‐induced landslides are less discussed comprehensively Taiwan. As part an island‐wide inventory, we here compare contrast landslide resulting from two catastrophic events: Chi‐Chi earthquake ( M w = 7.6, September 1999) typhoon Morakot (rainfall...

An efficient finite volume method is developed for the phase-field simulation of two-dimensional dendritic growth in a forced flow at various supercoolings. The adaptive nature allows dendrite large domain to evolve secondary structures, even low In addition good agreement with previous calculations on tip shape and speed, effects supercoolings are investigated compared Oseen-Ivantsov solution found. steady all cases continues have self-affine invariant scaling parameters estimation.

Objective– To compare parental knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and first-aid practices for children experiencing febrile convulsions (FC). Subjects methods– A questionnaire was mailed to 326 FC parents from 11 emergency departments in southern Taiwan. Results– total of 109 first- 107 recurrent-FC responded 1–3 months after the FC. Most incorrectly believed an electroencephalogram (EEG) or computed tomography (CT) necessary; immunization should be postponed, overestimated risk subsequent...