A5032900153- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Global Health and Surgery
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Travel-related health issues
- Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting
University of Cape Town
2016-2025
Infectious Diseases Data Observatory
2023-2024
University of Oxford
2006-2023
Worldwide Veterinary Service
2010-2023
Jagiellonian University
2021
South African Medical Research Council
2008-2020
Charles River Laboratories (United Kingdom)
2019
University of Washington
2019
Groote Schuur Hospital
2018
West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust
2016
Pyrethroid insecticides are critical for malaria control in Africa. However, resistance to this insecticide class the vector Anopheles funestus is spreading rapidly across Africa, threatening success of ongoing and future programs. The underlying mechanisms driving spread wild populations remain largely unknown. Here, we show that increased expression two tandemly duplicated P450 genes, CYP6P9a CYP6P9b , main mechanism pyrethroid Malawi Mozambique, southern African countries where forms...
Background Between 1995 and 2000, KwaZulu–Natal province, South Africa, experienced a marked increase in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, fuelled by pyrethroid sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance. In response, vector control was strengthened artemether-lumefantrine (AL) deployed the first Ministry of Health artemisinin-based combination treatment policy Africa. effective parasite had historically ensured low-intensity malaria transmission. Malaria is diagnosed definitively provided free...
The Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative is a joint development program between the governments of Mozambique, Swaziland, and South Africa, which includes malaria control as core component initiative. Vector through indoor residual spraying (IRS) was incrementally introduced in southern Mozambique November 2000 February 2004. Surveillance to monitor its impact conducted by annual cross-sectional surveys assess prevalence Plasmodium falciparum infection, entomologic monitoring, case...
Background Although the molecular basis of resistance to a number common antimalarial drugs is well known, geographic description emergence and dispersal mutations across Africa has not been attempted. To that end we have characterised evolutionary origins antifolate in dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) gene mapped their contemporary distribution. Methods Findings We used microsatellite polymorphism flanking dhps determine which alleles shared ancestry found five major lineages each had unique...
Parasite clearance data from 18,699 patients with falciparum malaria treated an artemisinin derivative in areas of low (n=14,539), moderate (n=2077), and high (n=2083) levels transmission across the world were analyzed to determine factors that affect rates identify a simple vivo screening measure for resistance. The main factor affecting parasite time was density on admission. Clearance faster high-transmission settings more effective partner drugs artemisinin-based combination treatments...
Deciphering the dynamics and evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is crucial for successful vector control. This study reports an increase intensity a rise multiple Anopheles funestus Malawi leading to reduced bed net efficacy. group mosquitoes were collected southern species composition, Plasmodium infection rate, susceptibility insecticides molecular bases analysed. Mosquito collection revealed predominance An. with high hybrid rate (12.2 %) suggesting extensive...
Background Establishing the extent, geographical distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a prerequisite for management. Here, we report widespread major vector An. funestus across Uganda western Kenya under control metabolic mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Female collected throughout exhibited Plasmodium infection rate between 4.2 to 10.4%. Widespread against both type I (permethrin) II (deltamethrin) pyrethroids DDT was observed Kenya. All...
Pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus is rapidly expanding across Southern Africa. It remains unknown whether this has a unique origin with same molecular basis or multifactorial. Knowledge of origin, mechanisms and evolution are crucial to designing successful management strategies. Here, we established profile Zambian An. population at northern range front. Similar other African populations, mosquitoes resistant pyrethroids carbamate, but contrast populations...
"Improvising Medicine: An African Oncology Ward in an Emerging Cancer Epidemic." Journal of Southern Studies, 39(3), pp. 739–740
Investment in community health workers is essential.
What is already known about this subject • Studies conducted primarily in developed countries have shown that adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of hospital admission, prolong stay and consequently increase the cost disease management patients. Cardiovascular medicines, hypoglycaemic agents, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs antibiotics most frequently implicated medicines these studies. A large proportion ADRs been to be preventable through improved prescribing,...
Objective Our objective was to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in African adults and children with acute falciparum malaria. Despite decades widespread use, there are few data inform dose recommendations. Methods In a prospective multicenter study 307 patients malaria, capillary blood concentrations sulfadoxine pyrimethamine were determined at 9 visits over period 42 days by mass spectrometry. Results After adjustment for dose, area under...
Although malaria treatment aims primarily to eliminate the asexual blood stages that cause illness, reducing carriage of gametocytes is critical for limiting transmission and spread resistance.Clinical parasitological responses fixed-dose combination sulfadoxine pyrimethamine in patients with uncomplicated falciparum were assessed biannually since implementation this policy 1998 Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Despite sustained cure rates > 90% (P = .14), duration gametocyte increased from...
Background Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended in Africa several antimalarial preventive regimens including Intermittent Preventive Treatment pregnant women (IPTp), infants (IPTi) and Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC). The effectiveness of SP-based treatments are threatened areas where Plasmodium falciparum resistance to SP high. prevalence mutations the dihydropteroate synthase gene ( pfdhps ) can be used monitor effectiveness. IPTi-SP only 540E mutation below 50%. It has...