The glyoxalase system constitutes the major pathway for detoxification of metabolically produced cytotoxin methylglyoxal (MG) into a non-toxic metabolite D-lactate. Glyoxalase I (GLY I) is an evolutionarily conserved metalloenzyme requiring divalent metal ions its activity: Zn(2+) in case eukaryotes or Ni(2+) enzymes prokaryotic origin. Plant GLY proteins are part multimember family; however, not much known about their physiological function, structure and dependency. In this study, we...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic metabolite produced primarily as byproduct of glycolysis. Being potent glycating agent, it can readily bind macromolecules like DNA, RNA, or proteins, modulating their expression and activity. In plants, despite the known inhibitory effects MG on growth development, still limited information available about molecular mechanisms response pathways elicited upon elevation in levels. To gain insight into basis response, we have investigated changes global gene...

As compared with plant system, triose phosphate isomerase (TPI), a crucial enzyme of glycolysis, has been well studied in animals. In order to characterize TPI plants, full-length cDNA encoding OscTPI was cloned from rice and expressed E. coli. The recombinant purified homogeneity it showed Km value 0.1281 ± 0.025 µM, the Vmax 138.7 16 µmol min (-1) mg which is comparable kinetic values other plants. found be exclusively present cytoplasm when checked various methods. Functional assay that...

Abiotic stress and climate change is the major concern for plant growth crop yield. stresses lead to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) consequently resulting in cellular damage losses One scavengers ROS ascorbate (AA) which acts as first line defense against external oxidants. An enzyme named oxidase (AAO) known oxidize AA deleteriously affect system response stress. Genome-wide analysis AAO gene family has led identification five, three, seven, four, six genes Oryza...

Methylglyoxal(MG) is a potent cytotoxin that produced as byproduct of various metabolic reactions in the cell. The major enzymes for MG detoxification are Glyoxalase I(GLYI), II(GLYII) and D-lactate dehydrogenase(D-LDH). These three work together convert into D-pyruvate, which directly goes to TCA cycle. Here, comparative study ability these has been done both E. coli yeast. Ectopic expression genes from Arabidopsis presence different abiotic stress revealed contribution each detoxifying MG....

The glyoxalase pathway is ubiquitously found in all the organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It acts as a major for detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), which deleteriously affects biological system stress conditions. first important enzyme this Glyoxalase I (GLYI). metalloenzyme requires divalent metal ions its activity. This ion can be either Zn2+ most eukaryotes or Ni2+ seen prokaryotes. In present study, we have three active GLYI enzymes (AtGLYI2, AtGLYI3 and AtGLYI6)...

ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN 1 (ETHE1) encodes sulfur dioxygenase (SDO) activity regulating sulfide levels in living organisms. It is an essential gene and mutations ETHE1 leads to ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) humans embryo lethality Arabidopsis. At present, very little known regarding the role of beyond context EE almost nothing about factors affecting its regulation plant systems. In this study, we have identified, cloned characterized OsETHE1, a encoding ETHE1-like protein from...

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that acts as stimuli and plays an important role in plant growth, development, environmental stress responses. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) help to detect extracellular activate downstream signaling responses modulate variety of biological processes. Phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), Leu-rich repeat (LRR)-RLK, has been characterized for its development biotic stress. Here, we observed OsPSKR15, rice PSKR, was upregulated by ABA...

Peptide signalling is an integral part of cell-to-cell communication which helps to relay the information responsible for coordinating cell proliferation and differentiation. Phytosulfokine Receptor (PSKR) a transmembrane LRR-RLK family protein with binding site small peptide, phytosulfokine (PSK). PSK through PSKR promotes normal growth development also plays role in defense responses. Like other RLKs, these PSKRs might have signal transduction pathways related abiotic stress Genome-wide...

Abstract D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) converts (the end product of glyoxalase system) to pyruvate and thereby completes the detoxification process methylglyoxal. D-LDH detoxifies diverts stress induced toxic metabolites, MG D-lactate, towards energy production thus, protects cell from their deteriorating effects. In this study, a enzyme rice (OsD-LDH2, encoded by Os07g08950.1) was characterized for its role in abiotic tolerance. For this, combination silico, molecular, genetic biochemical...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolically generated highly cytotoxic compound that accumulates in all living organisms, from Escherichia coli to humans, under stress conditions. To detoxify MG, nature has evolved reduced glutathione (GSH)-dependent glyoxalase and NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase systems. But both GSH NADPH have been reported be limiting plants conditions, thus detoxification might not performed efficiently. Recently, III (GLY III)-like enzyme activity various species, which...

Glyoxalase pathway is the major of methylglyoxal detoxification and ubiquitously present in all organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. I (GLYI) II (GLYII), two core enzymes this work together neutralize (MG), a dicarbonyl molecule with detrimental cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. The first step towards MG catalyzed by GLYI, metalloenzyme that requires divalent metal ions (either Zn2+ as seen eukaryotes or Ni2+ prokaryotes). However, both dependent GLYIs have been shown...

High-quality DNA is a prerequisite for range of molecular biology experiments and thus extraction one the most important steps several downstream experiments. isolation directly from seeds could save time effort, particularly large-scale where growing maintaining multitude genotypes in parallel cumbersome. However, often contain polysaccharides, polyphenols, mucilage, oils, etc., which cause difficult sometimes research limiting step. In present study, we have considered many previous...

Rice, one of the most important cereal crops for mankind, feeds more than half world population. Rice has been heralded as a model owing to its small genome size, amenability easy transformation, high synteny other and availability complete sequence. Moreover, sequence wealth in rice is getting refined precise due resequencing efforts. This humungous resource data confronted research fraternity with herculean challenge well an excellent opportunity functionally validate expressed regulatory...