AbstractGlyoxalases are known to play a very important role in abiotic stress tolerance. This two-step pathway detoxifies ubiquitously present cytotoxic metabolite methylglyoxal, which otherwise increases lethal concentrations under various conditions. Methylglyoxal initiates stress-induced signaling cascade via reactive oxygen species, resulting the modifications of proteins involved signal transduction pathways, that eventually culminates cell death or growth arrest. The associated...

The glyoxalase system constitutes the major pathway for detoxification of metabolically produced cytotoxin methylglyoxal (MG) into a non-toxic metabolite D-lactate. Glyoxalase I (GLY I) is an evolutionarily conserved metalloenzyme requiring divalent metal ions its activity: Zn(2+) in case eukaryotes or Ni(2+) enzymes prokaryotic origin. Plant GLY proteins are part multimember family; however, not much known about their physiological function, structure and dependency. In this study, we...

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic metabolite produced primarily as byproduct of glycolysis. Being potent glycating agent, it can readily bind macromolecules like DNA, RNA, or proteins, modulating their expression and activity. In plants, despite the known inhibitory effects MG on growth development, still limited information available about molecular mechanisms response pathways elicited upon elevation in levels. To gain insight into basis response, we have investigated changes global gene...

Abstract High salinity is one of the major problems in crop productivity, affecting seed germination as well yield. In order to enhance tolerance crops towards salinity, it essential understand underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. this endeavor, study contrasting genotypes same species differing their response stress can be very useful. present study, we have investigated temporal differences morphological, proteome profiles two rice basis salt tolerance. When compared IR64...

Serotonin (Ser) and melatonin (Mel) serve as master regulators of plant growth development by influencing diverse cellular processes. The enzymes namely, tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) catalyse the formation Ser from tryptophan. Subsequently, serotonin N-acetyl transferase (SNAT) acetyl-serotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) form Mel Ser. Plant genomes harbour multiple genes for each these four enzymes, all which have not been identified. Therefore, to delineate...

To delineate the adaptive mechanisms operative under salinity stress, it is essential to study plant responses at very early stages of stress which are crucial for governing survival and adaptation. We believe that initial perception response phase sets foundation adaptation in rice seedlings where plants can be considered a state osmotic shock ion buildup. An isobaric Tags Relative Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) approach was used analyze pre-existing differences as well salt responsive...

Glyoxalase pathway plays an important role in stress adaptation and many clinical disorders. The first enzyme of this pathway, glyoxalase I (GlxI), uses methylglyoxal as a substrate requires either Ni(II)/Co(II) or Zn(II) for activity. Here we have investigated the origin different metal ion specificities GlxI subsequent pattern inheritance during evolution. Our results suggest primitive single-domain Ni dependent [Ni-GlxI]. This subsequently evolved into Zn activated [Zn-GlxI]...

Abstract The Foamy Macrophage (FM) differentiation forms a major component of the host dependent survival axis M. tuberculosis . FM which are characterized by intracellular accumulation lipid bodies (LBs), ensure privileged existence for bacilli through ready provision nutrients and conferring protection against bactericidal pathways. mycobacterial secretory protein ESAT-6 has been identified as molecular mediator process although little is known about mechanism it induces this process. In...

Summary The cellular levels of methylglyoxal ( MG ), a toxic byproduct glycolysis, rise under various abiotic stresses in plants. Detoxification is primarily through the glyoxalase pathway. first enzyme pathway, I GLYI cytosolic metalloenzyme requiring either Ni 2+ or Zn for its activity. Plants possess multiple genes, which only some have been partially characterized; hence, precise molecular mechanism, subcellular localization and physiological relevance these diverse isoforms remain...

The glyoxalase pathway is evolutionarily conserved and involved in the glutathione-dependent detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product glycolysis. It acts via two metallo-enzymes, I (GLYI) II (GLYII), to convert MG into D-lactate, which further metabolized pyruvate by D-lactate dehydrogenases (D-LDH). Since formation occurs solely action enzymes, its metabolism may be considered as ultimate step detoxification. By maintaining steady state levels other reactive dicarbonyl...

ETHYLMALONIC ENCEPHALOPATHY PROTEIN 1 (ETHE1) encodes sulfur dioxygenase (SDO) activity regulating sulfide levels in living organisms. It is an essential gene and mutations ETHE1 leads to ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) humans embryo lethality Arabidopsis. At present, very little known regarding the role of beyond context EE almost nothing about factors affecting its regulation plant systems. In this study, we have identified, cloned characterized OsETHE1, a encoding ETHE1-like protein from...

Prions are often considered as molecular memory devices, generating reproducible of a conformational change. Prion-like proteins (PrLPs) have been widely demonstrated to be present in plants, but their role plant stress and remains unexplored. In this work, we report the widespread presence PrLPs plants through comprehensive meta-analysis 39 genomes representing major taxonomic groups. We find diverse functional roles associated with these various species term full complement genome its “...

SRO1 is an important regulator of stress and hormonal response in plants functions by interacting with transcription factors several other proteins involved abiotic response. In the present study, we report OsRBD1, RNA binding domain 1- containing protein as a novel partner OsSRO1a from rice. The interaction OsRBD1 was shown yeast well planta. Domain-domain study revealed that C-terminal RST interacts N-terminal RRM1 protein. Both were found to co-localize nucleus. Transcript profiling under...

Glyoxalase pathway is the primary route for metabolism of methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic ubiquitous metabolite that affects redox homeostasis. It neutralizes MG using I and II (GLYI GLYII) enzymes in presence reduced glutathione. In addition, there also exists shorter detoxification form III (GLYIII) enzymes, which can convert into D-lactate single-step without involving GLYIII proteins different systems demonstrate diverse functional capacities play vital role oxidative stress response. To...

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) domains have been identified in a wide range of proteins unrelated functions such as, metabolic enzymes, kinases and channels, usually occur as tandem re-peats, often combination with other domains. In plants, CBS Domain-Containing Proteins (CDCPs) form multi-gene family only few are so far reported to role development via regu-lation thioredoxin system well abiotic biotic stress response. However, the function majority CDCPs still remains be elucidated plants....