We report the mechanism of color production in peacock feathers. find that cortex differently colored barbules, which contains a 2D photonic-crystal structure, is responsible for coloration. Simulations reveal structure possesses partial photonic bandgap along direction normal to surface, frequencies within light strongly reflected. Coloration strategies feathers are very ingenious and simple: controlling lattice constant number periods structure. Varying produces diversified colors. The...

We achieve robust bonding of Cu wires to pads on polyimide with silver nanopaste cured at 373 K. The paste is prepared by simply condensing Ag nanoparticle (NP) solution via centrifuging. formed solid state sintering NPs through neck growth and direct metallic between clean Ag–Cu interfaces. Both experiment Monte Carlo simulation confirm that the melting point joint clusters increases during sintering. This creates improved bonds for use an elevated operating temperature using NPs.

We show theoretically that the omnidirectional total reflection frequency range of a multilayer dielectric reflector can be substantially enlarged as desired by using photonic heterostructures. This heterostructure consists different one-dimensional (1D) crystals. The constituent 1D crystals have to properly chosen such their band gaps adjacent overlap each other.

The whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing and microphotoluminescence from a hexagonal ZnO microrod are investigated. is integrated on p-GaN substrate to fabricate heterostructured microlaser diode the electrically pumped WGM realized.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies have reported associations between metabolic disorders IS. However, evidence regarding the causal relationship blood metabolites IS lacking. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) was used to assess 1,400 serum The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method employed estimate effect exposure outcome. Additionally, MR-Egger regression, weighted median, simple mode, mode...

We develop a periodically patterned conformal photonic-plasmonic crystal based solar architecture for nano-crystalline silicon cell, through rigorous scattering matrix simulations. The cell has periodic array of tapered silver nano-pillars as the back-reflector coupled with structure at top cell. absorption and maximal current, averaged over entire range wavelengths, this is semi-classical 4n(2) limit common thicknesses (500-1500 nm) slightly above 500 nm nc-Si exceeds limit, corrected...

The wide direct bandgap and strong exciton binding energy of ZnO have inspired examinations ultraviolet lasing over the previous decades. However, regulation mode, especially realization single mode lasing, is still a challenge. In this study, comb-like structure with an array microrods was selected to design coupled whispering-gallery-mode cavities, wherein naturally varied air-gap between adjacent created flexible condition for optical field coupling without any complicated...

We propose that the photonic band structure of crystals with semiconductor constituents can be tuned by means an external magnetic field due to magneto-optical effect. This is shown calculating a GaAs-based two-dimensional crystal square or triangular lattice cylindrical air holes.

Abstract Background Hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are implicated to have a role in many aspects of plant growth and development but there is limited knowledge about their localization function during somatic embryogenesis higher plants. In this study, the hydroxyproline embryogenic cells (ECs) embryos banana were investigated by using immunobloting immunocytochemistry with monoclonal JIM11 JIM20 antibodies as well treatment 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (3,4-DHP, an inhibitor extensin...

Abstract B-containing low carbon microalloy hot-rolled enamel steel has good scale explosion resistance and high strength. In order to determine the precipitation temperature of precipitated phase, DSC curve was obtained by STA499F3 synchronous thermal analyzer, combined with electrolytic extraction XRD test analysis. The results showed that range Ti 4 C 2 S 883°C~898°C, Fe 3 733°C~763°C.

Background The plant cell walls play an important role in somatic embryogenesis and development. Pectins are major chemical components of primary while homogalacturonan (HG) is the most abundant pectin polysaccharide. Developmental regulation HG methyl-esterification degree for adhesion, division expansion, general proper organ Methodology/Principal Findings localization pectic epitopes (1→4)-β-D-galactan epitope rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) (DM) were studied during banana (Musa spp. AAA)....

Recent studies suggest that plant pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are directly involved in defence besides their roles development. However, the molecular mechanisms of PME action on pectins not well understood. In order to understand how PMEs modify during banana (Musa spp.)-Fusarium interaction, expression and enzyme activities two cultivars, highly resistant or susceptible Fusarium, were compared with each other. Furthermore, spatial distribution effect methylesterification 10 individual...

Abstract Banana Fusarium wilt caused by oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc ) is soil-borne disease of banana ( Musa spp.) causing significant economic losses. Extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall components important for pathogen defence. Their significance Foc resistance in was not reported so far. In this study, two cultivars differing sensitivity were used to monitor the changes transcript levels, abundance distribution extensins AGPs after wounding inoculation. mainly...

Abstract Objective The present research aimed to explore the dynamic change of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and its relationship with functional outcome following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), whether receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or not. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data that were prospectively acquired from patients AIS treated IVT For IVT, NLR was based on a blood test performed prior (d0) at different time points after disease onset (d1, d3, d7). In addition,...

ZnO microrods were assembled on p-GaN substrate to form a heterostructural light-emitting diode (LED) array. Ultraviolet (UV) emission was obtained under low forward bias of 3.5 V. The investigation the electroluminescence, photoluminescence demonstrated three distinct electron-hole recombination processes. relative intensity these bands changed with increase bias, and resulted in blue shift spectral narrowing electroluminescence. present work provides facile technique for...

A better understanding of somatic embryogenesis in banana (Musa spp.) may provide a practical way to improve regeneration plants. In this study, we applied scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (TEM) visualize the ultrastructural changes during AAA cv. 'Yueyoukang 1'). We also used histological immunohistochemical techniques with 16 monoclonal antibodies study spatial distribution cellular/subcellular localization different arabinogalactan protein (AGP) components cell wall...

Information on the spatial distribution of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in plant organs and tissues during reactions to low temperature (LT) is limited. In this study, extracellular AGPs banana leaves roots, their changes under LT stress were investigated two genotypes differing chilling tolerance, by immuno-techniques using 17 monoclonal antibodies against different AGP epitopes. Changes total classical also tested. The results showed that epitopes recognized JIM4, JIM14, JIM16, CCRC-M32...

Banana Fusarium wilt caused by oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases. In this study, young tissue-cultured plantlets banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivars differing in Foc susceptibility were used to reveal their differential responses pathogen using digital gene expression (DGE). Data evaluated various bioinformatic tools (Venn diagrams, ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia genes genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses) immunofluorescence labelling...