The neurocranium in birds provides valuable insights into their morphological diversity, including adaptations related to brain size, facial shaping, and environmental factors. This study analyzes the neurocranial shape characteristics size of chickens with similar genetic backgrounds. By examining variation same age sex, aims understand factors contributing diversity within this specific group. 3D geometric morphometrics was used analyze 235 neurocrania from four chicken breeds. analysis...

The reason for undertaking this study was to investigate soft tissue response high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) by measuring changes in skin surface temperature and longissimus dorsi muscle tone the thoracolumbar back area Thoroughbreds with pain diagnosed without Kissing Spines Syndrome (KSS). aged 3-4 years clinically presented underwent a radiological examination (to assess lack or presence of KSS) palpation degree). subjects were divided into two groups, those KSS (n = 10) 10). A...

Abstract The present case report aims to describe a postmortem finding of colloid goiter, without obvious clinical signs endocrine disease in 30-year-old American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) from the “Zoo” city Sofia, Bulgaria. A examination due bad general condition was performed under anesthesia and computed tomography conducted. After established irreversible spondylarthrosis changes euthanized. Postmortem, thyroid gland pathologically examined typical findings for goiter were...

The present study aimed to examine the bones and muscles of Brown bear's (Ursus arctos) zeugopodium by macroscopic dissection identification on 18 thoracic pelvic limbs, from 5 male 4 female bears.The features bony structures responsible for rotation antebrachial plantar flexion with eversion autopodium in relation adaptive mechanisms limb environment bear were investigated.The obtained results analyzed compared pentadactyl extremity dog, cat, rabbit, human highlight specific adaptation...

Abstract At the top of many ecosystems, raptors, also known as birds prey, hold major influence. They shape their surroundings through powerful hunting skills and complex interactions with environment. This study investigates beak morphology four prominent raptor species, Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Common buzzard (Buteo buteo), Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) kestrel tinnunculus), found in Türkiye. By employing geometric morphometric methods, we investigate variations beaks these...

The present study aimed to describe the skull and mandibles of brown bear (U. arctos) from Dancing Bear Belitsa Park using advanced 3D morpho-geometric techniques. objective was explore how sexual dimorphism size influence cranial structures geometric morphometric methods. Three-dimensional models skulls 12 bears were used. Differences in morphology between male female observed this study. skull, larger than female, exhibited a more pronounced extension upper part nuchal region towards...

The purpose of this research is the observation blood vessels in knee region sheep by computed tomography angiography.Four female lambs were examined.After providing operational access to a. femoralis catheter we introduced a into artery.We used method spiral carry out computer-based imaging.The CT scanning was performed transverse planes starting from middle femur tibia.The slices 1.5 mm thick, at 2 intervals.The done using computer software.The arteries and veins are visualized as images...

The aim of the study is to establish arterial and venous vessels nerves forelimb in Brown bear through macro anatomical dissection contrast radiography on six thoracic limbs.The target area were dissected photographed previously detached from body limbs.For use barium sulfate solution was introduced brachial artery medio-lateral craniocaudal images forearm taken.The main vessels, together with nerve supply established subsequently compared those dog cat.A comparison human also conducted due...

The purpose of the present case report was to describe an extremely rare variation vena cava cranialis in a Pug dog observed during routine dissection. right cranial normally represented, while left vein described as exception and very rarely mammalian orders with asymmetric hollow vein, there are animal classes which double, symmetrical is present. different end atrium this extra visualised by imaging methods, can be misinterpreted pathology heart. important finding radiological...

The purpose of this case report is to describe and document a rare anatomical variation the cranial caudal tibial arteries seen in mare. During routine dissection, deviation great metatarsal artery (third dorsal artery) right limb horse was detected. smaller than usual localised between third fourth bone, while main blood supply digit wаs recеived by medial plantar artery. Deviation left veins both limbs not This arterial vessel topography important only for anatomy but also evaluation...

The purpose of this study was to examine the microcirculation section elbow and knee joint capsules in a dog. Two dogs’ cadavers with precannulated a. subclavia iliaca externa were used, through which an inkgelatin solution introduced. dehydrated ascending alcohol series enlightened methylsalycylate. resulting samples visualized arterial venous sections circulatory system, as well specific shaped capillary nets arteriole-venular anastomoses. This method not only establishes morphology...