The mental health consequences of school closure, social isolation, increased financial and emotional stress, greater exposure to family conflicts are likely be pronounced for primary children who known vulnerable. Data from prior the pandemic needed provide robust assessments impact COVID-19 on vulnerable children.The present study capitalises an ongoing (4-8 years) identified as 'at-risk' problems by teachers. We collected socio-economic data re-assessed this cohort (n = 142) via...

Background: Differential responses in terms of gender and antisocial behaviour emotional reactivity to affective pictures using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) have been demonstrated adult adolescent samples. Moreover, a quadratic relationship between arousal (intensity) valence (degree unpleasantness) has suggested. The picture perception methodology rarely applied middle school‐aged children. We examined subjective ratings children for: i) valence, ii) differences, iii)...

The use of intranasal oxytocin (OT) in research has become increasingly important over the past decade. Although researchers have acknowledged a need for further investigation physiological effects administration, few studies actually done so. In present double-blind cross-over study we investigated longevity single 24 IU dose OT measured saliva 40 healthy adult males. Salivary concentrations were significantly higher condition, compared to placebo. This significant difference lasted until...

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that developmental precursors to aggression are apparent in infancy. Up three informants rated 301 firstborn infants for early signs of anger, hitting and biting; 279 (93%) were assessed again as toddlers. Informants' ratings validated by direct observation at both ages. The precursor behaviours significantly associated with known risk factors high levels aggressiveness. Individual differences stable from infancy third year predicted broader conduct...

Abstract. The present study examined the internal structure of Bryant's (1982) Index Empathy for Children and Adolescents, a 22-item questionnaire measure dispositional affective empathy. Third graders (n = 817), fourth to sixth 82), eighth 1,079) were studied. Factor analyses revealed that empathy index is multidimensional, encompassing two subscales. same two-factor solution emerged in all samples. first factor, labeled empathic sadness, showed good reliability larger Sex differences...

This study tested the hypothesis that 12-month-old infants' use of force against peers is associated with known risk factors for violence. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, which included laboratory observations firstborn British infants (N = 271) during simulated birthday parties. No gender differences in aggressiveness were observed. The observed was significantly correlated mothers' mood disorder pregnancy and history conduct problems. Infants' parents' ratings anger...

Background Empathy deficits are hypothesized to underlie impairments in social interaction exhibited by those who engage antisocial behaviour. Social attention is an essential precursor empathy; however, no studies have yet examined relation cognitive and affective empathy exhibiting Methods Participants were 8‐ 12‐year‐old children at high risk of developing criminal behaviour ( N = 114, 80.7% boys) typically controls 43, 72.1% boys). The high‐risk recruited through ongoing early...

Abstract Early identification of problems with psychosocial stress regulation is important for supporting mental and physical health. However, we currently lack knowledge about when reliable individual differences in stress-responsive physiology emerge which aspects maternal behavior determine the unfolding infants' responses. Knowledge these processes further limited by analytic approaches that do not account multiple levels within- between-family effects. In a low-risk sample ( n = 100...

Maternal reflective functioning (RF) has been associated with quality of parent-child interactions and child development. This study investigated whether prenatal RF predicted the development infant physical aggression maternal sensitivity and/or intrusiveness mediated or moderated this association. The sample consisted 96 first-time mothers (M = 22.57 years, SD 2.13) their infants (54 % male). Prenatal was measured an interview, behavior observed during free play at 6 months post-partum,...

Previous research has pointed towards a link between emotion dysregulation and aggressive behavior in children. Emotion regulation difficulties are not specific for children with persistent aggression problems, i.e. oppositional defiant disorder or conduct (ODD/CD), other psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have too. On behavioral level some overlap exists these comorbidity is high. The aim of this study was therefore twofold:...

Impaired emotion recognition is a transdiagnostic risk factor for range of psychiatric disorders. It has been argued that improving may lead to improvements in behaviour and mental health, but supportive evidence limited. We assessed health following brief targeted computerised training children referred into an intervention program because severe family adversity behavioural problems (n = 62; aged 7-10). While all continued receive their usual interventions, only impaired 40) received the...

Our aim was to develop an age-appropriate measure of early manifestations aggression. We constructed a questionnaire about normative developmental milestones into which set items measuring infants' use physical force against people and expressed anger were included. These comprise the Cardiff Infant Contentiousness Scale (CICS). Evidence for reliability validity CICS is provided from analyses sample N=310 British infants, assessed at mean age 6 months as part larger longitudinal study...

Abstract Extremes in fearful temperament have long been associated with later psychopathology and risk pathways. Whereas children are inhibited anxious avoid novel events, fearless individuals disinhibited more likely to engage aggressive behavior. However, very few studies examined fear infants from a multimethod prospective longitudinal perspective. This study had the following objectives: examine behavioral, maternal reported, physiological indices of infancy, together their relations...

Practitioners who come into contact with the intoxicated, such as those in unscheduled care, often have limited resources to provide structured interventions. There is therefore a need for cost-effective alcohol interventions requiring minimal input. This study assesses barriers, acceptability and validity of text messaging collect daily consumption data explores feasibility text-delivered intervention an exploratory randomised controlled trial.Study I. Participants (n = 82) completed...

Individuals with an extra X chromosome (Klinefelter syndrome) are at risk for problems in social functioning and have increased vulnerability autism traits. In the search underlying mechanisms driving this risk, study focused on attention, affective arousal empathy. Seventeen adults XXY 20 non-clinical controls participated study. Eyetracking was used to investigate as expressed visual scanning patterns response viewing of empathy evoking video clips. Skin conductance levels, reflecting...

Childhood disruptive behaviour has been linked to later antisocial and criminal behaviour. Emotion recognition empathy impairments, thought be caused by inattention the eye region, are hypothesised contribute This is first study simultaneously examine emotion their relationship, mechanism behind these in children with We that would exhibit negative cognitive affective but impairments not due reduced attention region. expected driven also a relationship between only. Ninety-two behaviour, who...