Global incidence rates for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have gradually risen over the past 20 years. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 160 genetic loci associated with IBD; however, inherited factors only account a partial contribution to risk. We recently shown that urban airborne particulate matter (PM) ingested via contaminated food can alter gut microbiome and immune function under normal conditions. In this addendum, we will discuss how PM modify microbial form...

Crohn disease (CD) is a multifactorial in which an abnormal immune response the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to chronic inflammation. The small intestine, particularly ileum, of patients with CD colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC)--a pathogenic group able adhere and invade intestinal epithelial cells. As earliest inflammatory lesions are microscopic erosions epithelium lining Peyer's patches (PPs), we investigated ability AIEC bacteria interact PPs virulence factors involved....

In Crohn's disease (CD), inflammation is driven by luminal commensal micro-organisms; however, mechanisms of early phases need further clarification. The earliest observable lesions recurrent CD are microscopic erosions at the specialized follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), which lines Peyer's patches. Therefore, our aim was to investigate mucosal barrier non-pathogenic bacteria in FAE CD. macroscopically normal ileum from patients with longstanding CD, ulcerative colitis, and controls...

BackgroundEpidemiological associations between early-life air pollution exposure and increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases have been shown. Our aim was to determine if airborne particulate matter (PM10) during the neonatal period would alter colitis in interleukin (IL)-10−/− mouse model.

Video education has many advantages over traditional including efficiency, convenience, and individualized learning. Learning sterile surgical technique (SST) is imperative for medical students, because proper helps prevent site infections (SSIs). We hypothesize that video at least as effective skill demonstration in teaching first-year students SST. A series was created to demonstrate SST ( https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcRU-gvOmxE2mwMWkowouBkxGXkLZ8Uis ). randomized controlled...

The aim of this study was to identify cell adhesion molecules that could serve as targets the human follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying Peyer9s patches and assess nanoparticle uptake levels across epithelium. We first studied expression mouse M-cell marker β₁-integrin used a model FAE derived from intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells Raji B-cells additional potential by cDNA array. protein in ileal tissues quantified immunofluorescence. Integrin targeting investigating...

The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE), covering Peyer's patches, provides a route of entry for antigens and microorganisms. Animal studies showed enhanced antigen bacterial uptake in FAE, but no study on barrier function human FAE has been reported. Our aim was to characterize the normal properties FAE. Specimens ileum were taken from 30 patients with noninflammatory colonic disease. Villus (VE) identified mounted Ussing chambers. Permeability 51Cr-EDTA, transmucosal flux protein antigen,...

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a life-threatening condition that can result in multiple organ injury and death. A timely diagnosis treatment would have significant impact on the morbidity mortality high-risk patient population. The purpose of this study was to investigate if intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) α-defensins be used as biomarkers for early AMI resultant lung injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected by occlusion superior artery. time course from 0.5 3 h performed...

Background A critical role for the gut epithelium lies in its ability to discriminate between pathogens and commensals respond appropriately. Dysfunctional interactions microbes epithelia are believed have a inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we analyzed microbiota gene expression IBD patients examined responses of mucosal biopsies bacterial DNA. Methods Biopsies were taken from non-inflamed areas colon healthy controls (HC) Crohn's (CD) ulcerative colitis (UC) remission....

Sepsis remains one of the leading causes death worldwide. Oncostatin M (OSM), an interleukin (IL)-6 family cytokine, can be found at high levels in septic patients. However, little is known about its role sepsis. This study aimed to determine if genetic knockout OSM receptor (OSMR) type II signaling would improve survival a murine model Aged (>50 weeks) OSMR (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates received intraperitoneal injection fecal slurry (FS) or vehicle. The KO had better 48 h after...

ABSTRACT Intestinal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting orchestrate mucosal innate immunity. This study investigated the role of bacterial DNA in modulating bone marrow-derived (BM-APCs) subsequent T-lymphocyte responses. Murine MODE-K BM-APCs were treated with from either Bifidobacterium breve or Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin directly under coculture conditions CD4 + T cells. Apical stimulation S . enhanced secretion cytokines underlying induced interleukin-17 (IL-17) gamma...

Acute intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury (AII/R) is an adaptive physiologic response during critical illness, involving mesenteric vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion. Prevention of AII/R in high risk patient populations would have a significant impact on morbidity mortality. The purpose this study was to investigate the protective effects VSL#3 probiotic treatment murine model AII/R. Adult 129/SvEv mice were subjected experimental using superior artery occlusion. Animals pre-treated...

Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death in critically ill patients. Acute intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (AII/R) is an adaptive response to shock. The high mortality rate from AII/R due severity disease and, more importantly, failure timely diagnosis. objective this investigation use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis characterize urine metabolomic profile injury a mouse model. Animals were exposed sham, early (30 min) or late (60 acute ischemia by complete occlusion...

Inadequate blood supply to the intestine can lead acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), with a mortality rate ranging from 60% 90%. This high is partially due late detection and lack of efficient early diagnostic tests. There an urgent need for point-of-care tool immediate bedside diagnosis. Here we present first time rapid non-invasive electrochemical biosensor device based on non-faradic impedance spectroscopy detect intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) as indication AMI. The...

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the effect colitis and anti-inflammatory therapies on healing colonic anastomoses in mice. Methods. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into eight groups; four groups receiving plain tap-water dextran sulfate sodium. Intra-peritoneal treatment given therapeutically for 14 days with placebo, prednisolone, azathioprine, or infliximab (IFX). Colonic performed bursting pressure (BP) measurements recorded inflammation evaluated histology...

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how trust constructed between surgeons and residents in the operating room. Background: Entrustment is increasingly being used as a key element assess trainees’ competence clinical workplace. However, cognitive process involved formulation surgical remains poorly understood. Methods: In semistructured interviews, 9 general discussed their experiences making entrustment decisions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Template analysis methodology...

We tested whether propofol or Intralipid inoculated with Staphylococcus epidermidis would promote bacterial growth within an intravenous (IV) injection hub, a site prone to contamination. In tubes incubated under optimal conditions, S exhibited in Intralipid, but not propofol. contrast, the IV hub either intralipid at room temperature, numbers declined time, and virtually no contamination remained after 12 hours. These data suggest that certain lines are inhospitable for epidermidis.