Mucins possess potential binding sites for both commensal and pathogenic organisms may perform a defensive role during establishment of the intestinal barrier. To observe effects bacteria on goblet cell mucin production posthatch development, differences in small intestine conventionally reared (CR) low bacterial load (LBL) broiler chicks were examined. Jejunal ileal cells stained with either periodic acid-Schiff stain or high iron diaminealcian blue pH 2.5 to discriminate among neutral,...

Clostridial infection of the intestine can result in necrotic enteritis (NE), compromising production and health poultry. Mucins play a major role protecting intestinal epithelium from infection. The relative roles different mucins gut pathology following bacterial challenge are unclear. This study was designed to quantify expression mucin mucin-related genes, using samples an NE trial where birds were fed diets with or without in-feed antimicrobials. A method for quantifying gene...

A germ-free (GF) chicken model was used to test 2 hypotheses: 1. microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) influences mucin gene expression and types; 2. mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation affects GIT cells directly, without bacteria mediation, compared with bacterial-mediated effect (i.e., indirectly). Gnotobiotic isolators were used: 1) GF, 2) a single population, 3) conventionalized by exposure cecal bacterial contents. Each divided diet groups: or MOS (2 kg/t)...

The use of a yeast cell wall extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Actigen(®)) has been proposed as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. This experiment was conducted investigate the efficacy zinc bacitracin or salinomycin using necrotic enteritis challenge model. A feeding study 480-day-old male Ross 308 chicks assigned 48 floor pens. 2 × 4 factorial arrangement treatments employed. factors were: (- +) and feed additive (control, at 100/50 mg/kg, 400/800/200 60 mg/kg in starter,...

Intestinal health is influenced by a complex set of variables involving the intestinal microbiota, mucosal immunity, digestion and absorption nutrients, permeability (IP) integrity. An increase in IP increases bacterial or toxin translocation, activates immune system affects health. chickens reviewed three sections. First, structure are discussed briefly. Second, use lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as tool to detail. LPS, glycolipid found outer coat mostly Gram-negative bacteria, has been reported...

Solvent-extracted soybean meal (SESBM) has been reported to cause subacute enteritis in certain fish species. Two 34-day experiments investigated the effects of SESBM and soy protein concentrate (SPC) on intestinal mucus layer development hindgut yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at 22 18 °C. Fish were fed increasing levels (Exp. 1: 0 g kg−1, 100 200 300 kg−1) SPC 2: 400 kg−1). No visual signs inflammation observed either experiment. However, dietary significantly reduced thickness....

Summary Short‐term fasting for 4.5 and 9 hr has been demonstrated to increase intestinal permeability ( IP ) in chickens. This study aimed investigate the effects of 0, 4.5, 19.5 on gene expression villus‐crypt architecture enterocytes jejunal ileal samples. On day 38, Ross‐308 male birds were fasted according their group then euthanised. Two separate sections (each 2 cm long, jejunum ileum) collected. One section was utilised villus height crypt depth measurements. The second snap‐frozen...

Summary Increased intestinal permeability ( IP ) can lead to compromised health in chickens. As there is limited literature on vivo biomarkers assess increased chickens, the objective of this study was identify a reliable biomarker using DSS ingestion and fasting models. Male Ross chickens n = 48) were reared until day 14 floor pen an animal care facility, randomized into following groups: control, (each with 16), then placed metabolism cages. administered drinking water at 0.75% from days...

1. This study investigated the effect of Eimeria spp./Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and traditional antibiotic preventatives on intestinal micro-architecture mucin profile. 2. A total 600 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to following three groups: (i) unchallenged, (ii) challenged, (iii) zinc bacitracin/monensin (ZnB/monensin) (n = 25 chickens/pen, 8 pens/group). The challenged ZnB/monensin individually inoculated with acervulina, E. maxima tenella C....

Fasting of up to 24 hr has been shown increase intestinal permeability (IP) in chickens. The aim this study was determine whether fasting duration 4.5 and 9 increased IP l-glutamine (a non-essential amino acid) supplementation before provided some protection barrier function as other species. Ross 308 male broilers (n = 96) were fed either a control diet or the same supplemented with 1% glutamine from d0 d38 post-hatch. On d37, birds assigned single-bird metabolism cages fasted for 0, 4.5,...

The effects of Eimeria (EM) and Clostridium perfringens (CP) challenges on the mRNA levels genes involved in mucin (Muc) synthesis (Muc2, Muc5ac, Muc13, trefoil family factor-2 [TFF2]), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] interleukin-18 [IL-18]), metabolic processes (cluster differentiation [CD]36) jejunum broilers were investigated. Two parallel experiments involving 1) EM challenge 2) CP conducted. first experiment was a 2 × study with 12 birds per treatment (N = 48) fishmeal...

A high proportion of piglets fail to adapt the changing composition their diet at weaning, resulting in weight loss and increased susceptibility pathogens. Polyamines are present sow milk promote neonatal maturation gut. We hypothesised that oral spermine spermidine supplementation before weaning would increase piglet growth gastrointestinal development weaning. In Experiment One, one pair liveweight (LW)-matched per litter from first third lactation sows received 2 ml a 0 (Control) or 463...

Abstract The prenatal environment has been shown to have significant effects on the lifelong health of offspring in humans and other species. Such not studied extensively avian species but could prove important, especially case severe feed restriction imposed broiler breeder hens prevent obesity reduce rate lay. Feed can potentially affect only nutrient supply embryo stress hormone levels within hen. This study investigated impact hen growth immune responses progeny with objective measure...

Increased intestinal permeability (IP) can lead to compromised health. Limited in vivo IP research has been conducted chickens. The objectives of the current study were develop a model increased utilizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS Escherichia coli O55:B5) and evaluate changes using lactulose, mannitol rhamnose (LMR) sugar test. In addition, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d), d-lactate, zonula occludens (ZO-1) diamine oxidase (DAO) tests employed. Male Ross chickens reared until day...

Abstract In this 42-d trial, grape seed extract (GSE) was evaluated as a potential treatment for subacute enteritis in Yellowtail Kingfish Seriola lalandi induced by soybean meal (SBM) at winter water temperatures (12–15°C). Four diets were investigated: fish control diet (46% meal, 0% SBM), SBM (30% with 0 mg/kg GSE), and two 30% containing either 20 or 40 GSE. growth performance significantly reduced when fed SBM. Fish exhibited significant enlargement of the lamina propria, sign...

Divergent selection for meat and egg production in poultry has resulted strains of birds differing widely traits related to these products. Modern can reach live weights 2 kg 35 d, while layer are now capable producing more than 300 eggs per annum but grow slowly. In this study, RNA-Seq was used investigate hepatic gene expression between three groups with large differences growth potential; bird, strain as well an F1 x bird. The objective identify differentially expressed (DE) genes all...

This article discusses the use of a foam dressing for exudate management in both chronic and acute wounds, such as surgical pressure ulcers, diabetic trauma leg ulcers. The primary objective study was to observe patients' wound progression terms size condition bed, when using this either or secondary dressing. outcome evaluation demonstrated that ActivHeal Foam Contact effectively managed exudate. It also observed can assist autolysis support improvements peri-wound status. Choosing an...

Gastrointestinal dysbiosis is a disturbance in mucosal homeostasis, producing low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation and impaired barrier function. It induced by several factors, including nutrition stress, which are both significant factors when considering current broiler breeder practices. A great grandparent (GGP) chicken meat line was identified displaying clinical signs characteristic of potential dysbiosis, wet droppings litter, addition to reduced reproductive performance compared...

The aim of the current study was to investigate effects delayed feeding, and supplementation with sodium butyrate or glutamine in drinking water, on intestinal permeability (IP) young broiler chickens. Newly-hatched male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated four groups comprising Control, 24 h fed (DF), DF supplemented (0.1%) water (1%) water. On days 2, 4 7, twelve birds per group randomly selected, weighed orally gavaged fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) at 2.2 mg / ml chicken....

SUMMARYEnvironmental factors, both positive and negative, experienced by breeder hens during their reproductive life, can have significant influence on the productive efficiency health of progeny. This is particularly important considering that commercial chicken meat birds spend a proportion life in ovo, alteration to ovo environment permanently 'program' progeny endocrine pathways. The maternal greatly influenced factors such as nutrition stress, which play role industry due feed...