Since the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Syndrom (MERS-CoV) it has become increasingly clear that bats are important reservoirs CoVs. Despite this, only 6% all CoV sequences in GenBank from bats. The remaining 94% largely consist known pathogens public health or agricultural significance, indicating current research effort is heavily biased towards describing diseases rather than 'pre-emergent' diversity Our study addresses this critical...

The combination of irradiated fibroblast feeder cells and Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632, conditionally induces an indefinite proliferative state in primary mammalian epithelial cells. These reprogrammed (CRCs) are karyotype-stable nontumorigenic. Because self-renewal is a recognized property stem cells, we investigated whether Y-27632 induced stem-like phenotype. We found that CRCs share characteristics adult exhibit up-regulated expression α6 β1 integrins, ΔNp63α, CD44, telomerase reverse...

Abstract Cancer pathology reports contain information which is critical for patient management and cancer surveillance, resource planning, quality purposes. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) has defined scientifically validated content checklists that form the basis synoptic reporting. We outline how CAP standards were implemented in a large Canadian province over 3‐year period resulting improvements rates reporting completeness J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:517–524. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which cortisol suppresses growth during chronic stress in fish, we characterized effects on food intake, mass gain, expression appetite-regulating factors, and activity GH/IGF axis. Fish given osmotic pumps that maintained plasma levels at ∼70 or 116 ng/ml for 34 days were sampled 14, 28 42 post-implantation. Relative to shams, treatments reduced intake 40-60% elicited marked increases liver leptin (lep-a1) brain preoptic area (POA)...

Climate drivers such as humidity and temperature may play a key role in influenza seasonal transmission dynamics. Such relationship has been well defined for temperate regions. However, to date no models capable of capturing the diverse pattern tropical subtropical climates exist. In addition, multiple viruses could cocirculate shape epidemic Here we construct seven mechanistic test effect two major climate (humidity temperature) multi-strain co-circulation on Hong Kong, an center located...

Practising unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with high numbers of partners is associated increased risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV other sexually transmitted infections. Our aim was to describe factors UAI multiple in a large sample MSM from 38 European countries recruited an online survey 2010. Data are the Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey (EMIS). The analysis restricted men who reported any sex non-steady partner past 12 months, were either never diagnosed HIV, or had...

Accurate forecasts of influenza incidence can be used to inform medical and public health decision-making response efforts. However, forecasting systems are uncommon in most countries, with a few notable exceptions. Here we use publicly available data from the World Health Organization generate retrospective peak timing intensity for 64 including 18 tropical subtropical countries. We find that accurate well-calibrated generated countries temperate regions, accuracy exceeding 50% at four two...

Abstract Pathogen-pathogen interactions represent a critical but little-understood feature of infectious disease dynamics. In particular, experimental evidence suggests that influenza virus and respiratory syncytial (RSV) compete with each other, such infection one confers temporary protection against the other. However, are challenging to study using common epidemiologic methods. Here, we use mathematical modeling approach, in conjunction detailed surveillance data from Hong Kong Canada,...

Although forecasts and other mathematical models have the potential to play an important role in mitigating impact of infectious disease outbreaks, extent which these tools are used public health decision making United States is unclear. Throughout 2015, we invited practitioners belonging three national organizations complete a cross-sectional survey containing questions on model awareness, use, communication with modelers. Of 39 respondents, 46.15% their work, 20.51% reported direct those...

Leptin is a potent anorexigen, but little known about the physiological conditions under which this cytokine regulates food intake in fish. In study, we characterized relationships between intake, O 2 -carrying capacity, liver leptin-A1 ( lep-a1 ) gene expression, and plasma rainbow trout infected with pathogenic hemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica . As lep expression hypoxia-sensitive -infected fish are anemic, hypothesized that -induced anorexia mediated by leptin. A 14-week time course...

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) protect against diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, such as meningitis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. It is challenging to estimate their population-level impact due the lack of a perfect control population subtleness signals when endpoint-such all-cause pneumonia-is nonspecific. Here we present new approach for estimating PCVs: using least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression select variables in synthetic model predict...

Anaesthesia-induced dynamics in EEG are dependent on age and level of anaesthesia, but distinct characterisation children is incomplete. Here we analyse related to anaesthesia. Frontal recordings were obtained from 93 (0–19 years) during routine clinical segments selected at four different levels anaesthesia: emergence, light deep very Total power differed significantly over (R2 = 0.314; p < 0.0001) anaesthesia 0.403; 0.0001). Relative beta band increased linearly with 0.239; Level caused...

A method is described by which repeated samples of human cord blood can be obtained over a short period time. Undue prolongation increases the risk operation. The oxygen content fetal appreciably increased administration to mother.

Past work has shown that models incorporating human travel can improve the quality of influenza forecasts. Here, we develop and validate a metapopulation model twelve European countries, in which international translocation virus is driven by observed commuting air flows, use this to generate forecasts conjunction with incidence data from World Health Organization. We find that, although fits well, it offers no improvement over isolated forecast quality. discuss several potential reasons for...

There is growing experimental evidence that many respiratory viruses-including influenza and SARS-CoV-2-can interact, such their epidemiological dynamics may not be independent. To assess these interactions, standard statistical tests of independence suggest the prevalence ratio-defined as ratio co-infection to product single-infection prevalences-should equal unity for non-interacting pathogens. As a result, earlier studies aimed estimate from co-detection data, under assumption deviations...

More than one-third of all women and men in Canada will develop cancer during their lifetimes.Cancer patients typically require complex chemotherapy regimens, specific to type stage disease, slow or stop cells from growing, multiplying, spreading other parts the body.Despite complexity managing medication regimens for associated risks patient safety, current medical oncology practice throughout most is still use paper-based tools, policies procedures.To increase safety by reducing...

Enterprise mashups (EMs) are a new technology that enables the automation of situational needs knowledge workers. EMs imply development paradigm based on peer production philosophy and empower end users to create individual applications without involvement IT department. So far, there is insufficient research potential benefits EMs. This paper contributes fill this gap by designing an EM benefit model. By following design science approach, balance scorecard concept leveraged identify...

Recent evidence suggests that the majority of HIV transmissions among men who have sex with (MSM) occur between steady partners. We sought to determine factors associated transmission risks in partnerships. Data is from German cross-sectional 2013 Gay Men and AIDS survey. The study population was HIV-negative or untested reporting a partnership at least one non-steady anal partner previous year. Bivariate multivariate logistic regression used which several independent variables best...

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute or chronic respiratory infections. As obligate intracellular pathogens, chlamydiae efficiently manipulate host cell processes to ensure their development. Here we focused on the interaction of with transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) and its consequence chlamydial During infection, expression activity AP-1 family proteins c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2 were regulated in time- dose-dependent manner. We observed c-Jun...

How many days would you be comfortable waiting if needed cancer surgery? What do someone, not as medically urgent, was able to receive an MRI or CT scan before you? Would want know could wait less time for treatment at another location with clinician? These are some of the dilemmas facing patients and our health system when dealing issue times. To address these pressing concerns, in fall 2004, Ontario launched its Wait Time Strategy. Two years later, Collins-Nakai et al. (2006) reported that...