A5012305538- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Plant and animal studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Evolution and Science Education
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
University of Oslo
2015-2024
Uppsala University
2000-2007
Cornell University
2007
Abstract As a case study for single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification in species which little or no sequence information is available, we investigated several approaches to identifying SNPs two passerine bird species: pied and collared flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca F. albicollis ). All were successful over 50 candidate per identified from ≈ 9.1 kb of sequence. In addition, 17 sites the frequency alternative bases differed by > 50% between (termed interspecific SNPs)....
Speciation is a continuous process during which genetic changes gradually accumulate in the genomes of diverging species. Recent studies have documented highly heterogeneous differentiation landscapes, with distinct regions elevated ("differentiation islands") widespread across genomes. However, it remains unclear processes drive evolution islands; how landscape evolves as speciation advances; and ultimately, islands are related to speciation. Here, we addressed these questions based on...
Interbreeding between species (hybridization) typically produces unfit offspring. Reduced hybridization should therefore be favored by natural selection. However, this is difficult to accomplish because also sets the stage for genetic recombination dissociate species-specific traits from preferences them. Here we show that association maintained physical linkage (on same chromosome) in two hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers. By analyzing mating patterns of female hybrids and cross-fostered...
Speciation is the combination of evolutionary processes that leads to reproductive isolation different populations. We investigate significance sex-chromosome evolution on development post–and prezygotic in two naturally hybridizing Ficedula flycatcher species. Applying a tag–array–based mini–sequencing assay genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and interspecific substitutions, we demonstrate rather extensive hybridization backcrossing sympatry. However, gene flow across partial...
Abstract Homoploid hybrid speciation is thought to require unusual circumstances yield reproductive isolation from the parental species, and few examples are known nature. Here, we present genetic evidence for this mode of in birds. Using Bayesian assignment analyses 751 individuals genotyped 14 unlinked, nuclear microsatellite loci, show that phenotypically intermediate Italian sparrow ( Passer italiae ) does not form a cluster its own, but instead exhibits clear admixture (over entire...
Studies of reproductive isolation between homoploid hybrid species and their parent have rarely been carried out. Here we investigate barriers a recently recognized bird species, the Italian sparrow Passer italiae its house P. domesticus Spanish hispaniolensis. Reproductive can be difficult to study in due lack geographical contact taxa. However, lives parapatrically with both sympatrically sparrow. Through whole-transcriptome sequencing six individuals each two identified set putatively...
Hybridization is widespread in nature and, some instances, can result the formation of a new hybrid species. We investigate genetic foundation this poorly understood process through whole-genome analysis Italian sparrow and its progenitors. find overall balanced yet heterogeneous levels contribution from each parent species throughout genome identify areas novel divergence exhibiting signals consistent with balancing selection. High-divergence are disproportionately located on Z chromosome...
Abstract The typically repetitive nature of the sex-limited chromosome means that it is often excluded from or poorly covered in genome assemblies, hindering studies evolutionary and population genomic processes non-recombining chromosomes. Here, we present a draft assembly region collared flycatcher W chromosome, containing 46 genes without evidence female-specific functional differentiation. Survival during degeneration has been highly non-random expression data suggest this can be...
Abstract The theory of reinforcement predicts that natural selection against the production unfit hybrids favours traits increase assortative mating. Whether culturally inherited traits, such as bird song, can mating by is largely unknown. We compared songs pied (Ficedula hypoleuca) and collared flycatchers (F. albicollis) from two hybrid zones different ages with allopatric populations. Previously, a character divergence in male plumage has been shown to reinforce premating isolation...
The pied flycatcher is one of the most phenotypically variable bird species in Europe. geographic variation phenotypes has often been attributed to spatial selection regimes that associated with presence or absence congeneric collared flycatcher. Spatial could however also be generated by spatially restricted gene flow and genetic drift. We examined population structure flycatchers across breeding range applied phenotypic Q(ST) (P(ST))-F(ST) approach detect indirect signals divergent on...
Abstract Homoploid hybrid speciation in animals is poorly understood, mainly because of the scarcity well‐documented cases. Here, we present results a multilocus sequence analysis on house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), Spanish P. hispaniolensis ) and their proposed descendant, Italian italiae ). The shown to be genetically intermediate between sparrow, exhibiting genealogical discordance mosaic pattern alleles derived from either putative parental species. average variation Z chromosome was...
Abstract The current, virtually worldwide distribution of the house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) is a result its commensal relationship with humans. It has been suggested that long before advent agriculture, an early glacial advance resulted in two disjunct ranges ancestral sparrows – one Middle East and another on Indian subcontinent. Differentiation during this period isolation major groups subspecies: group indicus group. According to hypothesis, commensalism humans would have evolved...
House sparrows (Passer domesticus) are a hugely successful anthrodependent species; occurring on nearly every continent. Yet, despite their ubiquity and familiarity to humans, surprisingly little is known about origins. We sought investigate the evolutionary history of house sparrow identify processes involved in its transition human-commensal niche. used whole genome resequencing dataset 120 individuals from three Eurasian species, including populations Bactrianus sparrows, non-commensal,...
Abstract Speciation by hybridization is emerging as a significant contributor to biological diversification. Yet, little known about the relative contributions of (i) evolutionary novelty and (ii) sorting pre‐existing parental incompatibilities build‐up reproductive isolation under this mode speciation. Few studies have addressed empirically whether hybrid animal taxa are intrinsically isolated from their parents, no study has so far investigated which two aforementioned routes intrinsic...
Abstract Evolutionary history of Muscicapidae flycatchers is inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence comparisons population genetic analysis mtDNA markers. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on sequences the two genomes yielded similar trees with respect to order at which species split off. However, distances fitted a nonlinear, polynomial model reflecting diminishing divergence rate compared sequences. This could be explained by Haldane’s rule because isolation might...
We studied individual variation in the performance of parental care male pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca a woodland area near Oslo, Norway. During 24-h period enforced female absence, we recorded feeding rate and nestling growth, as well changes body mass. Using matched-pairs comparison found that older males were more successful young than 1-year-old males, even when plumage colour or breeding experience similar. These results may be explained by increased skill due to age...
Abstract In geographic areas where pied and collared flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca F. albicollis) breed in sympatry, hybridization occurs, leading to gene flow (introgression) between the two recently diverged species. Notably, while such introgression is observable at autosomal loci it apparently absent Z chromosome, suggesting an important role for genes on chromosome creating reproductive isolation during speciation. To further understand of Z-linked formation new species, we studied...
Abstract In a number of passerine bird species, mated males sing at dawn and this song activity peaks in the fertile period mate. We present hypothesis that an important function such singing is to maintain territory. suggest mate guarding territorial defence are demanding often mutually exclusive activities. Losing paternity so costly give priority guarding. Males therefore use early morning period, before their emerges from roost, claim territory ownership. report some preliminary tests...
Abstract Many East African mountains are characterized by an exceptionally high biodiversity. Here we assess the hypothesis that climatic fluctuations during Plio‐Pleistocene led to ecological fragmentation with subsequent genetic isolation and speciation in forest habitats Africa. Hypotheses on savannah lineages also investigated. To do this, mitochondrial DNA sequences from a group of bush crickets consisting both inhabiting taxa were analysed relation range fragmentations indicated...