A5001300998- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Bat Biology and Ecology Studies
- Myxozoan Parasites in Aquatic Species
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Plant and animal studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Orthoptera Research and Taxonomy
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Computational and Text Analysis Methods
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
University of Oslo
2015-2024
Natural History Museum
2018-2024
Natural History Museum Aarhus
2023
Lund University
2021
National Museum of Natural History
2021
Smithsonian Institution
2021
University of Minnesota
2021
Louisiana State University
2021
Florida State University
2021
Liverpool John Moores University
2021
Morphological traits often covary within and among species according to simple power laws referred as allometry. Such allometric relationships may result from common growth regulation, this has given rise the hypothesis that exponents have low evolvability constrain trait evolution. We formalize hypotheses for how allometry morphological evolution across taxa, test these using more than 300 empirical estimates of static (within-species) relations animal traits. Although we find evidence...
Heritable variation is a prerequisite for evolutionary change, but the relevance of genetic constraints on macroevolutionary timescales debated. By using two datasets fossil and contemporary taxa, we show that divergence among populations, to lesser extent species, increases with microevolutionary evolvability. We evaluate reject several hypotheses explain this relationship propose an effect evolvability population species can be explained by influence ability populations track rapid,...
The cheilostome bryozoan family Steginoporellidae in New Zealand comprises seven living species of Steginoporella. Three these are new to science-Steginoporella discors n. sp., Steginoporella lineata sp. and modesta sp.-and one (Steginoporella magnifica) additionally occurs as a Plio-Pleistocene fossil. A Early Pleistocene fossil species, tiara is also recognised. exhibit the full range colonial morphologies known for genus, two deep-shelf taxa described herein have smallest colonies, both...
Abstract Homoploid hybrid speciation in animals is poorly understood, mainly because of the scarcity well‐documented cases. Here, we present results a multilocus sequence analysis on house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ), Spanish P. hispaniolensis ) and their proposed descendant, Italian italiae ). The shown to be genetically intermediate between sparrow, exhibiting genealogical discordance mosaic pattern alleles derived from either putative parental species. average variation Z chromosome was...
Julian Huxley showed that within-species (static) allometric (power-law) relations can arise from proportional growth regulation with the exponent in power law equaling factor of proportionality. Allometric exponents may therefore be hard to change and act as constraints on independent evolution traits. In apparent contradiction this, many empirical studies have concluded static allometries are evolvable. Many these been based, however, a broad definition allometry includes any monotonic...
Phylogenetic relationships and the timing of evolutionary events are essential for understanding evolution on longer time scales. Cheilostome bryozoans a group ubiquitous, species-rich, marine colonial organisms with an excellent fossil record but lack phylogenetic inferred from molecular data. We present genome-skimmed data 395 cheilostomes combine these 315 published sequences to infer key among c. 500 cheilostome species. find that named genera species phylogenetically coherent, rendering...
Models based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process have become standard for comparative study of adaptation. Cooper et al. (2016) cast doubt this practice by claiming statistical problems with fitting models to data. Specifically, they claim that tests Brownian motion may too high Type I error rates and such are exacerbated measurement error. In note, we argue these results little relevance estimation adaptation three reasons. First, point out did not consider detection distinct optima (e.g....
Abstract Many East African mountains are characterized by an exceptionally high biodiversity. Here we assess the hypothesis that climatic fluctuations during Plio‐Pleistocene led to ecological fragmentation with subsequent genetic isolation and speciation in forest habitats Africa. Hypotheses on savannah lineages also investigated. To do this, mitochondrial DNA sequences from a group of bush crickets consisting both inhabiting taxa were analysed relation range fragmentations indicated...
Ecological interactions affect the survival and reproduction of individuals. However, ecological are notoriously difficult to measure in extinct populations, hindering our understanding how outcomes such as competition vary time influence long-term evolutionary changes. Here, spatial a temporally continuous community over timescales presented for first time. Our research domain is encrusting cheilostome bryozoans from Wanganui Basin New Zealand ca 2 Myr period (Pleistocene Recent). We find...
Bergmann's rule proposes that animals in cold habitats will be larger than those warm habitats. This prediction has been tested thoroughly at the intraspecific level, but few studies have investigated hypothesis with interspecific data using phylogenetic comparative approaches. Many clades of mammals representatives numerous distinct biomes, making this order highly suitable for a large-scale assessment rule. Here, we evaluate within 22 mammalian families-with dataset include ~35 % all...
Abstract Morphometrics has become an indispensable component of the statistical analysis size and shape variation in biological structures. Morphometric data have traditionally been gathered through low‐throughput manual landmark annotation, which represents a significant bottleneck for morphometric‐based phenomics. Here we propose machine‐learning‐based high‐throughput pipeline to collect high‐dimensional morphometric two‐dimensional images semi‐rigid The proposed framework four main...
Summary Changes in chromosome number as a result of fission and fusion holocentrics have direct immediate effects on the recombination rate. We investigate support for classic hypothesis that environmental stability selects increased rates. employed phylogenetic cytogenetic data set from one most diverse angiosperm genera world, which has largest nonpolyploid radiation ( Carex , Cyperaceae; 2 n = 12–124; 2100 spp.). evaluated alternative Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models adaptation to environment an...
The Late Cretaceous appearance of grasses, followed by the Cenozoic advancement grasslands as dominant biomes, has contributed to evolution a range specialized herbivores adapted new diets, well increasingly open and arid habitats. Many mammals including ruminants, most diversified ungulate suborder, evolved high-crowned (hypsodont) teeth an adaptation tooth-wearing diets impact different causes tooth wear is still matter debate, temporal pattern hypsodonty in relation remains unclear. We...
The dominating view of evolution based on the fossil record is that established species remain more or less unaltered during their existence. Substantial other hand routinely reported for contemporary populations, and most quantitative traits show high potential evolution. These contrasting observations long‐ short‐time scales are often referred to as paradox stasis, which rests fundamental assumption periods morphological stasis in represent minimal evolutionary change. Investigating 450...
Abstract The concept of evolvability—the capacity a population to produce and maintain evolutionarily relevant variation—has become increasingly prominent in evolutionary biology. Paleontology has long history investigating questions evolvability, but paleontological thinking tended neglect recent discussions, because many tools used the current evolvability literature are challenging apply fossil record. fundamental difficulty is how disentangle whether causes patterns arise from...
Abstract The PCMBase R package is a powerful computational tool that enables efficient calculations of likelihoods for wide range phylogenetic Gaussian models. Taking advantage it, we redesigned the mvSLOUCH . Here, demonstrate how new version can be used to thoroughly examine evolution and adaptation traits in large dataset 1252 vascular plants through use multivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. results our analysis ability modelling framework distinguish between various alternative...
Host-intrinsic factors as well environmental changes are known to be strong evolutionary drivers defining the genetic foundation of immunity. Using a novel set teleost genomes and time-calibrated phylogeny, we here investigate family Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) genes address underlying processes shaping diversity first-line defence. Our findings reveal remarkable flexibility within design innate immunity characterized by prominent gene losses expansions. In order Gadiformes, expansions...
Phenotypic plasticity is a major factor contributing to variation of organisms in nature, yet its evolutionary significance insufficiently understood. One example system where might have played an important role adaptive radiation the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), fish that has diversified after invading freshwater lakes repeatedly from marine habitat. The parallel phenotypic changes occurred this were extremely rapid. This study evaluates body shape response salinity...