A5075420061- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Marine and fisheries research
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- interferon and immune responses
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Gut microbiota and health
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
University of Oslo
2016-2025
University of Agder
2015-2018
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
2004-2006
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2002-2005
Abstract The whole-genome duplication 80 million years ago of the common ancestor salmonids (salmonid-specific fourth vertebrate duplication, Ss4R) provides unique opportunities to learn about evolutionary fate a duplicated genome in 70 extant lineages. Here we present high-quality assembly for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), and show that large genomic reorganizations, coinciding with bursts transposon-mediated repeat expansions, were crucial post-Ss4R rediploidization process. Comparisons...
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing shotgun paired-end libraries, automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. major histocompatibility (MHC)...
Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft and colleagues assemble partial draft genomes analyze sequences from 66 teleost fish species to determine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I II gene status. They find that MHC is absent the Gadiformes lineage, while expansions have occurred multiple times. Teleost fishes constitute most species-rich vertebrate clade exhibit extensive genetic phenotypic variation, including diverse immune defense strategies. The genomic basis of a particularly...
Vertebrate vision is accomplished through light-sensitive photopigments consisting of an opsin protein bound to a chromophore. In dim light, vertebrates generally rely on single rod [rhodopsin 1 (RH1)] for obtaining visual information. By inspecting 101 fish genomes, we found that three deep-sea teleost lineages have independently expanded their
How genomic selection enables species to adapt divergent environments is a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. We investigated the signatures of local adaptation Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) along natural salinity gradient, ranging from 35‰ North Sea 7‰ within Baltic Sea. By utilizing 12 K SNPchip, we simultaneously assessed neutral adaptive genetic divergence across genome. Combining outlier analyses with landscape approach, identified set directionally selected loci that are...
Abstract Supergenes are sets of genes that inherited as a single marker and encode complex phenotypes through their joint action. They identified in an increasing number organisms, yet origins evolution remain enigmatic. In Atlantic cod, four megabase-scale supergenes have been linked to migratory lifestyle environmental adaptations. Here we investigate the origin maintenance these analysis whole-genome-sequencing data, including new long-read-based genome assembly for non-migratory cod...
Adaptation to local conditions is a fundamental process in evolution; however, mechanisms maintaining adaptation despite high gene flow are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems provide wide array of diverse habitats that frequently promote ecological even species characterized by strong levels flow. As one example, populations the marine fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) highly connected due immense dispersal capabilities but nevertheless show several key traits. By combining population...
Identification of genome-wide patterns divergence provides insight on how genomes are influenced by selection and can reveal the potential for local adaptation in spatially structured populations. In Atlantic cod - historically a major marine resource Northeast-Arctic- Norwegian coastal recognized fundamental differences migratory non-migratory behavior, respectively. However, genomic architecture underlying such behavioral ecotypes is unclear. Here, we have analyzed more than 8.000...
Single-gene and whole-genome duplications are important evolutionary mechanisms that contribute to biological diversification by launching new genetic raw material. For example, the evolution of animal vision is tightly linked expansion opsin gene family encoding light-absorbing visual pigments. In teleost fishes, most species-rich vertebrate group, opsins particularly diverse key successful colonization habitats ranging from bioluminescence-biased but basically dark deep sea clear mountain...
The first Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome assembly published in 2011 was one of the early assemblies exclusively based on high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. Since then, rapid advances sequencing technologies have led to a multitude generated for complex genomes, although many these are fragmented nature with significant fraction bases gaps. development long-read and improved software now enable generation more contiguous assemblies. By combining data from Illumina, longer PacBio...
Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions can play a crucial role in maintaining polymorphism underlying complex traits and contribute to the process of speciation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), several megabases have been identified that dominate genomic differentiation between migratory nonmigratory ecotypes Northeast Atlantic. Here, we show same regions display elevated divergence ecotype Northwest well. The occurrence these on both sides Ocean reveals common evolutionary origin,...
In several species genetic differentiation across environmental gradients or between geographically separate populations has been reported to center at "genomic islands of divergence," resulting in heterogeneous patterns genomes. Here, genomic regions elevated divergence were observed on three chromosomes the highly mobile fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) within fine-scaled coastal areas. The islands" extended least 5, 9.5, and 13 megabases linkage groups 2, 7, 12, respectively, coincided...
Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude causes severe abnormalities in embryos larvae. However, underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects not well understood. Here, we explore transcriptional basis four discrete injury phenotypes early life stages commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include (1) cardiac form function, (2) craniofacial development,...
The toxicity resulting from exposure to oil droplets in marine fish embryos and larvae is still subject for debate. most detailed studies have investigated the effects of water-dissolved components crude water accommodated fractions (WAFs) that lack bulk droplets. Although dissolved petroleum compounds alone sufficient cause characteristic developmental oil, few addressed whether physical interaction with micro-droplets are a relevant pathway open speices. Here we used controlled delivery...
Abstract Recent studies have shown that crude oil exposure affects cardiac development in fish by disrupting excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. We previously found eggs of Atlantic haddock ( Melanogrammus aeglefinus ) bind dispersed droplets, potentially leading to more profound toxic effects from uptake polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Using lower concentrations (0.7–7 μg/L ∑PAH), here we exposed a broader range developmental stages over both short and prolonged durations....
A fundamental problem for the evolution of pregnancy, most specialized form parental investment among vertebrates, is rejection nonself-embryo. Mammals achieve immunological tolerance by down-regulating both major histocompatibility complex pathways (MHC I and II). Although pregnancy has evolved multiple times independently knowledge associated immune system adjustments restricted to mammals. All them (except monotremata) display full internal making evolutionary reconstructions within class...
Significance A rich archaeological record of fish-bone remains testifies to the millennia-long human exploitation natural resources oceans. In Europe, historical evidence demonstrates that an extensive international industry developed during Middle Ages exported preserved cod from Lofoten Archipelago, northern Norway, expanding urban centers around North and Baltic Sea regions. The early origins this iconic exchange, however, have long been debated. We genetically trace ancestry Viking Age...
New genes can arise through duplication of a pre-existing gene or de novo from non-coding DNA, providing raw material for evolution new functions in response to changing environment. A prime example is the independent antifreeze glycoprotein (afgps) Arctic codfishes and Antarctic notothenioids prevent freezing. However, highly repetitive nature these complicates studies their organization. In notothenioids, afgps evolved an extant gene, yet evolutionary origin unknown. Here, we demonstrate...
Abstract Genetic divergence among populations arises through natural selection or drift and is counteracted by connectivity gene flow. In sympatric populations, isolating mechanisms are thus needed to limit the homogenizing effects of flow allow for adaptation speciation. Chromosomal inversions act as an important mechanism maintaining barriers, yet their role in with not entirely understood. Here, we revisit question whether play a connected marine fish Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ),...
The mode and extent of rapid evolution genomic change in response to human harvesting are key conservation issues. Although experiments models have shown a high potential for both genetic phenotypic fishing, empirical examples responses wild populations rare. Here, we compare whole-genome sequence data Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that were collected before (early 20th century) after 21st periods intensive exploitation decline the age maturation from two geographically distinct Newfoundland,...
The observation that specific members of the microbial intestinal community can be shared among vertebrate hosts has promoted concept a core microbiota whose composition is determined by host-specific selection. Most studies investigating this in individual have focused on mammals, yet diversity fish lineages provides unique comparative opportunities from an evolutionary, immunological and environmental perspective. Here we describe communities eleven Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught at...
Abstract Teleost fishes comprise more than half of all vertebrate species, yet genomic data are only available for 0.2% their diversity. Here, we present whole genome sequencing 66 new species teleosts, vastly expanding the availability this important group. We report on de novo assemblies based low-coverage (9–39×) and detailed methodology analyses. To facilitate further utilization set, statistical analyses gene space completeness verify expected phylogenetic position sequenced genomes in...