A5046814299- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Marine animal studies overview
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Gut microbiota and health
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
University of Oslo
2016-2025
University of Groningen
2003-2023
University of Otago
2006-2013
Allan Wilson Centre
2008-2013
Victoria University of Wellington
2003
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing shotgun paired-end libraries, automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. major histocompatibility (MHC)...
Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals 129 genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 which are new. This extensive dataset allows us assess modern legacy past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at far western (Iberia) other eastern...
Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft and colleagues assemble partial draft genomes analyze sequences from 66 teleost fish species to determine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I II gene status. They find that MHC is absent the Gadiformes lineage, while expansions have occurred multiple times. Teleost fishes constitute most species-rich vertebrate clade exhibit extensive genetic phenotypic variation, including diverse immune defense strategies. The genomic basis of a particularly...
How genomic selection enables species to adapt divergent environments is a fundamental question in ecology and evolution. We investigated the signatures of local adaptation Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L.) along natural salinity gradient, ranging from 35‰ North Sea 7‰ within Baltic Sea. By utilizing 12 K SNPchip, we simultaneously assessed neutral adaptive genetic divergence across genome. Combining outlier analyses with landscape approach, identified set directionally selected loci that are...
Abstract Supergenes are sets of genes that inherited as a single marker and encode complex phenotypes through their joint action. They identified in an increasing number organisms, yet origins evolution remain enigmatic. In Atlantic cod, four megabase-scale supergenes have been linked to migratory lifestyle environmental adaptations. Here we investigate the origin maintenance these analysis whole-genome-sequencing data, including new long-read-based genome assembly for non-migratory cod...
Adaptation to local conditions is a fundamental process in evolution; however, mechanisms maintaining adaptation despite high gene flow are still poorly understood. Marine ecosystems provide wide array of diverse habitats that frequently promote ecological even species characterized by strong levels flow. As one example, populations the marine fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) highly connected due immense dispersal capabilities but nevertheless show several key traits. By combining population...
Identification of genome-wide patterns divergence provides insight on how genomes are influenced by selection and can reveal the potential for local adaptation in spatially structured populations. In Atlantic cod - historically a major marine resource Northeast-Arctic- Norwegian coastal recognized fundamental differences migratory non-migratory behavior, respectively. However, genomic architecture underlying such behavioral ecotypes is unclear. Here, we have analyzed more than 8.000...
The first Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) genome assembly published in 2011 was one of the early assemblies exclusively based on high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing. Since then, rapid advances sequencing technologies have led to a multitude generated for complex genomes, although many these are fragmented nature with significant fraction bases gaps. development long-read and improved software now enable generation more contiguous assemblies. By combining data from Illumina, longer PacBio...
Chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions can play a crucial role in maintaining polymorphism underlying complex traits and contribute to the process of speciation. In Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), several megabases have been identified that dominate genomic differentiation between migratory nonmigratory ecotypes Northeast Atlantic. Here, we show same regions display elevated divergence ecotype Northwest well. The occurrence these on both sides Ocean reveals common evolutionary origin,...
The feasibility of genome-scale studies from archaeological material remains critically dependent on the ability to access endogenous, authentic DNA. In majority cases, this represents a few per cent DNA extract, at most. A number specific pre-extraction protocols for bone powder aimed improve ancient recovery before library amplification have recently been developed. Here, we test effects combining two such protocols, bleach wash and predigestion step, 12 samples Atlantic cod domestic horse...
Significance A rich archaeological record of fish-bone remains testifies to the millennia-long human exploitation natural resources oceans. In Europe, historical evidence demonstrates that an extensive international industry developed during Middle Ages exported preserved cod from Lofoten Archipelago, northern Norway, expanding urban centers around North and Baltic Sea regions. The early origins this iconic exchange, however, have long been debated. We genetically trace ancestry Viking Age...
Abstract Genetic divergence among populations arises through natural selection or drift and is counteracted by connectivity gene flow. In sympatric populations, isolating mechanisms are thus needed to limit the homogenizing effects of flow allow for adaptation speciation. Chromosomal inversions act as an important mechanism maintaining barriers, yet their role in with not entirely understood. Here, we revisit question whether play a connected marine fish Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ),...
The mode and extent of rapid evolution genomic change in response to human harvesting are key conservation issues. Although experiments models have shown a high potential for both genetic phenotypic fishing, empirical examples responses wild populations rare. Here, we compare whole-genome sequence data Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) that were collected before (early 20th century) after 21st periods intensive exploitation decline the age maturation from two geographically distinct Newfoundland,...
Mitonuclear discordance between species is readily documented in marine fishes. Such may either be the result of past natural phenomena or recent introgression from previously seperated after shifts their spatial distributions. Using ancient DNA spanning five millennia, we here investigate long-term presence Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and albacore alalunga) -like mitochondrial (MT) genomes Atlantic thynnus), a with extensive exploitation history observed abundance age...
The observation that specific members of the microbial intestinal community can be shared among vertebrate hosts has promoted concept a core microbiota whose composition is determined by host-specific selection. Most studies investigating this in individual have focused on mammals, yet diversity fish lineages provides unique comparative opportunities from an evolutionary, immunological and environmental perspective. Here we describe communities eleven Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught at...
The world's oceans are currently facing major stressors in the form of overexploitation and anthropogenic climate change. Baltic Sea was home to first "industrial" fishery ∼800 y ago targeting herring, a species that is still economically culturally important today. Yet, early origins marine industries long-term ecological consequences historical contemporary fisheries remain debated. Here, we study population dynamics herring evaluate past impacts humans on environment. We combine modern...
MHC II, a major feature of the adaptive immune system, is lacking in Atlantic cod, and there are different scenarios (metabolic cost hypothesis or functional shift hypothesis) that might explain this loss. The lack II coincides with an increased number genes for I Toll-like receptors (TLRs). MHC, histocompatibility complex; TLR, receptor. Basic features vertebrate system have been conserved since their emergence ancestral lineage lead to all jawed vertebrates 1, 2. cod (Gadus morhua) first...
Abstract Explanations for the genetic variation ubiquitous in natural populations are often classified by population–genetic processes they emphasize: selection or mutation and drift. Here we investigate models that incorporate all three a spatially structured population, using what call construction approach, simulating finite under bombarded with steady stream of novel mutations. As expected, amount compared to previous ignored stochastic effects drift was reduced, especially smaller when...
Abstract The majority of archaeological plant material is preserved in a charred state. Obtaining reliable ancient DNA data from these remains has presented challenges due to high rates nucleotide damage, short fragment lengths, low endogenous content and the potential for modern contamination. It been suggested that high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies coupled with enrichment techniques may overcome some limitations. Here we report findings HTS target on four important crops...
The importance of the Atlantic walrus ivory trade for colonization, peak, and collapse medieval Norse colonies on Greenland has been extensively debated. Nevertheless, no studies have directly traced European back to distinct Arctic populations walrus. Analysing entire mitogenomes 37 archaeological specimens from Europe, Svalbard, Greenland, we here discover that comprises two monophyletic mitochondrial (MT) clades, which diverged between 23 400 251 120 years ago. Our improved genomic...
Fish are the most diverse group of vertebrates, fulfil important ecological functions and significant economic interest for aquaculture wild fisheries. Advances in DNA extraction methods, sequencing technologies bioinformatic applications have advanced genomic research nonmodel organisms, allowing field fish ancient (aDNA) to move into genomics era. This is enabling researchers investigate a multitude new questions evolutionary ecology that could not, until now, be addressed. In many cases,...
Abstract A variety of sex determination mechanisms can be observed in evolutionary divergent teleosts. Sex is genetic Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ), however the genomic location or size its sex-locus unknown. Here, we characterize using whole genome sequence (WGS) data 227 wild-caught specimens. Analyzing more than 55 million polymorphic loci, identify 166 loci that are associated with sex. These located six distinct regions on five different linkage groups (LG) genome. The largest these...
The impacts of early ecological globalisation may have had profound economic and environmental consequences for human settlements animal populations. Here, we review the extent such historical by investigating medieval trade walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) ivory. We use an interdisciplinary approach including chaîne opératoire, ancient DNA (aDNA), stable isotope zooarchaeological analysis rostra (skull sections) to identify their biological source subsequent through Indigenous urban...