Andaine Seguin‐Orlando
A5007009262- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Gut microbiota and health
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier
2018-2024
University of Copenhagen
2013-2024
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
2018-2024
Lundbeck Foundation
2019-2024
Centre d'Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse
2021-2024
Université de Toulouse
2018-2022
Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse
2021-2022
Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Sociale
2022
Université Toulouse-I-Capitole
2021
AMIS - Laboratoire d'anthropologie moléculaire et imagerie de synthèse
2018-2020
How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient modern genome-wide data, we found that ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans Amerindians, entered as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) after more an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to Americas, ancestral Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one is now dispersed across North South...
The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated. Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats. Some argue agricultural development indigenous; others favor the "two-layer" hypothesis posits a southward expansion farmers giving rise present-day Asian genetic diversity. By sequencing 26 ancient genomes (25 from SEA,...
The Yamnaya expansions from the western steppe into Europe and Asia during Early Bronze Age (~3000 BCE) are believed to have brought with them Indo-European languages possibly horse husbandry. We analyzed 74 ancient whole-genome sequences across Inner Anatolia show that Botai people associated earliest husbandry derived a hunter-gatherer population deeply diverged Yamnaya. Our results also suggest distinct migrations bringing West Eurasian ancestry South before after, but not at time of,...
Recent studies increasingly note the effect of captivity or built environment on microbiome humans and other animals. As symbiotic microbes are essential to many aspects biology (e.g., digestive immune functions), it is important understand how lifestyle differences can impact microbiome, and, consequently, health hosts. Animals living in experience a range changes that may influence gut bacteria, such as diet changes, treatments, reduced contact with individuals, species variable...
The origin of contemporary Europeans remains contentious. We obtained a genome sequence from Kostenki 14 in European Russia dating 38,700 to 36,200 years ago, one the oldest fossils anatomically modern humans Europe. find that shares close ancestry with 24,000-year-old Mal’ta boy central Siberia, Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, some western Siberians, and many Europeans, but not eastern Asians. Additionally, shows evidence shared population basal all Eurasians also relates later Neolithic...
Present-day hunter-gatherers (HGs) live in multilevel social groups essential to sustain a population structure characterized by limited levels of within-band relatedness and inbreeding. When these wider networks evolved among HGs is unknown. To investigate whether the contemporary HG strategy was already present Upper Paleolithic, we used complete genome sequences from Sunghir, site dated ~34,000 years before present, containing multiple anatomically modern human individuals. We show that...
Revisiting the origins of modern horses The domestication was very important in history humankind. However, ancestry and location timing their emergence remain unclear. Gaunitz et al. generated 42 ancient-horse genomes. Their source samples included Botai archaeological site Central Asia, considered to include earliest domesticated horses. Unexpectedly, were ancestors not domestic horses, but rather Przewalski's Thus, contrast current thinking on horse domestication, may have been other,...
Significance The domestication of the horse revolutionized warfare, trade, and exchange people ideas. This at least 5,500-y-long process, which ultimately transformed wild horses into hundreds breeds living today, is difficult to reconstruct from archeological data modern genetics alone. We therefore sequenced two complete genomes, predating by thousands years, characterize genetic footprint domestication. These ancient genomes reveal predomestic population structure a significant fraction...
The clinical outcome of Plasmodium falciparum infections ranges from asymptomatic parasitemia to severe malaria syndromes associated with high mortality. virulence P. is the type erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) expressed on surface infected erythrocytes anchor these vascular lining. Although var2csa , var gene encoding PfEMP1 placental malaria, was discovered in 2003, identification /PfEMP1 variants children has remained elusive. To identify disease outcome, we compared transcript...
Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals 129 genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 which are new. This extensive dataset allows us assess modern legacy past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at far western (Iberia) other eastern...
Abstract Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare 1 . However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence bridling, milking corralling 2–4 at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc 3 Other longstanding candidate regions for domestication, such as Iberia 5 Anatolia 6 , have also recently been challenged. Thus, genetic, geographic temporal origins remained unknown. Here we...
Significance Thirty years after the first DNA fragment from extinct quagga zebra was sequenced, we set another milestone in equine genomics by sequencing its entire genome, along with genomes of surviving species. This extensive dataset allows us to decipher genetic makeup underlying lineage-specific adaptations and reveal complex history speciation. We find that Equus diverged New World, spread across Old World 2.1–3.4 Mya, finally experienced major demographic expansions collapses...
Ancient genomics of horse domestication The the was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Librado et al. obtained genome sequences from 14 horses Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color genes selected during process. could also see evidence admixture with archaic demography process, which included accumulation deleterious variants. appears have undergone different type process than animals that were...
Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding nature their interactions what led disappearance archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded Greece during Middle Pleistocene, first settlements Europe have been constrained ~45,000 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils Grotte Mandrin France that reveal earliest known presence 56,800 51,700 This early human...
Significance Yakutia is among the coldest regions in Northern Hemisphere, showing ∼40% of its territory above Arctic Circle. Native horses are particularly adapted to this environment, with body sizes and thick winter coats minimizing heat loss. We sequenced complete genomes two ancient nine present-day Yakutian elucidate their evolutionary origins. find that contemporary population descends from domestic livestock, likely brought by early horse-riders who settled region a few centuries ago....
The genus Equus is richly represented in the fossil record, yet our understanding of taxonomic relationships within this remains limited. To estimate phylogenetic among modern horses, zebras, asses and donkeys, we generated first data set including complete mitochondrial sequences from all seven extant lineages Equus. Bayesian Maximum Likelihood inference confirms that zebras are monophyletic genus, Plains Grevy's form a well-supported group. Using ancient DNA techniques, further...
Abstract The mammal gut microbiome, which includes host microbes and their respective genes, is now recognized as an essential second genome that provides critical functions to the host. In humans, studies have revealed lifestyle strongly influences composition diversity of gastrointestinal microbiome. We hypothesized these trends in humans may be paralleled mammals subjected anthropogenic forces such domestication captivity, diets natural life histories are often greatly modified....
Responsible for the Irish potato famine of 1845-49, oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans caused persistent, devastating outbreaks late blight across Europe in 19th century. Despite continued interest history and spread pathogen, genome famine-era strain remains entirely unknown. Here we characterize temporal genomic changes introduced P. infestans. We shotgun sequence five 19th-century European strains from archival herbarium samples--including oldest known specimen, collected 1845 first...
The evolutionary origin of the striking genome size variations found in eukaryotes remains enigmatic. effective populations, by controlling selection efficacy, is expected to be a key parameter underlying evolution. However, this hypothesis has proved difficult investigate using empirical data sets. Here, we tested 22 de novo transcriptomes and low-coverage genomes asellid isopods, which represent 11 independent habitat shifts from surface water resource-poor groundwater. We show that these...
Donkeys transformed human history as essential beasts of burden for long-distance movement, especially across semi-arid and upland environments. They remain insufficiently studied despite globally expanding providing key support to low- middle-income communities. To elucidate their domestication history, we constructed a comprehensive genome panel 207 modern 31 ancient donkeys, well 15 wild equids. We found strong phylogeographic structure in donkeys that supports single Africa ~5000 BCE,...
The horse is central to many Indigenous cultures across the American Southwest and Great Plains. However, when how horses were first integrated into lifeways remain contentious, with extant models derived largely from colonial records. We conducted an interdisciplinary study of assemblage historic archaeological remains, integrating genomic, isotopic, radiocarbon, paleopathological evidence. Archaeological modern North show strong Iberian genetic affinities, later influx British sources, but...