Toomas Kivisild
A5088297719- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Linguistics and Cultural Studies
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Eurasian Exchange Networks
- Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
KU Leuven
2018-2025
University of Tartu
2016-2025
Estonian Biocentre
2015-2024
University of Cambridge
2014-2024
Arthur B. McDonald-Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute
2023
Leverhulme Trust
2007-2013
University College London
2013
James Cook University
2013
Science Applications International Corporation (United States)
2013
National Cancer Institute
2013
We report here the genome sequence of an ancient human. Obtained from ∼4,000-year-old permafrost-preserved hair, represents a male individual first known culture to settle in Greenland. Sequenced average depth 20×, we recover 79% diploid genome, amount close practical limit current sequencing technologies. identify 353,151 high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which 6.8% have not been reported previously. estimate raw read contamination be no higher than 0.8%. use...
Whole-genome data indicate that early modern humans expanded into Australia 62,000 to 75,000 years ago.
Native Americans derive from a small number of Asian founders who likely arrived to the Americas via Beringia. However, additional details about intial colonization remain unclear. To investigate pioneering phase in we analyzed total 623 complete mtDNAs and Asia, including 20 new seven Asia. This sequence data was used direct high-resolution genotyping American 26 populations. Here describe more genetic diversity within founder population than previously reported. The newly resolved...
How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient modern genome-wide data, we found that ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans Amerindians, entered as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) after more an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to Americas, ancestral Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one is now dispersed across North South...
High mutation rate in mammalian mitochondrial DNA generates a highly divergent pool of alleles even within species that have dispersed and expanded size recently. Phylogenetic analysis 277 human genomes revealed significant (P < 0.01) excess rRNA nonsynonymous base substitutions among hotspots recurrent mutation. Most involved transitions from guanine to adenine that, with thymine-to-cytosine transitions, illustrate the asymmetric bias codon usage at synonymous sites on heavy-strand DNA. The...
It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect cluster major founder haplogroups narrow time interval 47–52 kya,...
We determine the phylogenetic backbone of East Asian mtDNA tree by using published complete sequences and assessing both coding control region variation in 69 Han individuals from southern China. This approach assists interpretation data on Asians based either sequencing or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing. Our results confirm that pool is locally region-specific completely covered two superhaplogroups M N. The partitioning corroborates existing RFLP-based...
Abstract Background Recent advances in the understanding of maternal and paternal heritage south southwest Asian populations have highlighted their role colonization Eurasia by anatomically modern humans. Further requires a deeper insight into topology branches Indian mtDNA phylogenetic tree, which should be contextualized within phylogeography neighboring regional variation. Accordingly, we analyzed control coding region variation 796 (including both tribal caste from different parts India)...
The origin of the Andaman "Negrito" and Nicobar "Mongoloid" populations has been ambiguous. Our analyses complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from Onges Great revealed two deeply branching clades that share their most recent common ancestor in founder haplogroup M, with lineages spread among India, Africa, East Asia, New Guinea, Australia. This distribution suggests these have likely survived genetic isolation since initial settlement islands during an out-of-Africa migration by anatomically...
Duplications and deletions in the human genome can lead to variation copy number for genes genomic loci among humans. Such variants reveal evolutionary patterns have implications health. Sudmant et al. examined copy-number across 236 individual genomes from 125 populations. Deletions were under more selection, whereas duplications showed population-specific structure. Interestingly, Oceanic populations retain large postulated originated an ancient Denisovan lineage. Science , this issue...
The New World Arctic, the last region of Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Siberia. show that Paleo-Eskimos (~3000 BCE 1300 CE) represent migration pulse into independent both Native American Inuit expansions. Furthermore, continuity characterizing Paleo-Eskimo period...