A5057344900- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Complement system in diseases
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Nematode management and characterization studies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Global Maritime and Colonial Histories
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Medical Coding and Health Information
Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology
2016-2025
Kenya Medical Research Institute
2013-2024
University of Science and Technology
2022
Mount Kenya University
2016
Great Lakes University of Kisumu
2014-2015
University of Minnesota Medical Center
2014
University of Minnesota
2014
Kenyatta University
2010
Harvard University
2007-2010
Duplications and deletions in the human genome can lead to variation copy number for genes genomic loci among humans. Such variants reveal evolutionary patterns have implications health. Sudmant et al. examined copy-number across 236 individual genomes from 125 populations. Deletions were under more selection, whereas duplications showed population-specific structure. Interestingly, Oceanic populations retain large postulated originated an ancient Denisovan lineage. Science , this issue...
Significance African trypanosomes are parasites that can cause sleeping sickness in humans. Humans and some primates, but not other mammals, have a gene called APOL1 protects against certain trypanosomes. Genetic variants arose Africa strongly associated with kidney disease Americans. These disease-associated may risen to high frequency because they defend humans particularly pathogenic trypanosome. In this paper, we show how has evolved by analyzing the distribution of these then...
Abstract Multiple lines of genetic and archaeological evidence suggest that there were major demographic changes in the terminal Late Pleistocene epoch early Holocene sub-Saharan Africa 1–4 . Inferences about this period are challenging to make because shifts past 5,000 years have obscured structures more ancient populations 3,5 Here we present genome-wide DNA data for six individuals from eastern south-central spanning approximately 18,000 (doubling time depth African DNA), increase quality...
East African genetics and pastoralism The origin spread of domestic animals across the globe also affected underlying genetic composition human populations. In Africa, however, it has been difficult to identify impact interactions among migrating food producers local hunter-gatherers. Prendergast et al. wanted discern timing movement husbandry its effects on foraging communities in Africa. They sequenced 41 ancient eastern genomes from individuals that lived approximately 100 4000 years ago....
Abstract The urban peoples of the Swahili coast traded across eastern Africa and Indian Ocean were among first practitioners Islam sub-Saharan people 1,2 . extent to which these early interactions between Africans non-Africans accompanied by genetic exchange remains unknown. Here we report ancient DNA data for 80 individuals from 6 medieval modern ( ad 1250–1800) coastal towns an inland town after 1650. More than half many originates primarily female ancestors Africa, with a large...
We sequenced genomes from a ∼7,000 year old early farmer Stuttgart in Germany, an ∼8,000 hunter-gatherer Luxembourg, and seven hunter-gatherers southern Sweden. analyzed these data together with other ancient 2,345 contemporary humans to show that the great majority of present-day Europeans derive at least three highly differentiated populations: West European Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), who contributed ancestry all but not Near Easterners; Ancient North Eurasians (ANE), were most closely...
Defining antibody correlates of protection against clinical malaria in areas low and unstable transmission is challenging because limited cases these areas. Additionally, affects both adults children transmission, but it unclear whether differ with age. Blood samples were obtained from 5753 individuals Kenyan highland area seasonal 2007 recorded episodes this population to 2017. Using a nested case-control study design, participants who developed (cases) matched by age village those did not...
Cultural and religious practices beliefs have historically played a significant role in the management of disease outbreaks globally. This study explored how such healing shape vulnerability communities to highly infectious diseases three border counties western Kenya-Homa Bay, Bungoma, West Pokot. Using an empirical qualitative research design, we conducted 45 key informant interviews with 13 traditional healers, 16 their patients. We also held 6 focus group discussions community members...
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended the first malaria vaccine, RTS, S in October 2021 to prevent children sub-Saharan Africa. However, sub-optimal vaccine uptake, especially 3rd and 4th doses has been reported. This study engaged key stakeholders involved delivery Muhoroni sub-county of western Kenya evaluate strategies that can improve uptake. Methods: A purposive sampling method was used select participants for focus group discussions (FGDs) informant interviews...
Abstract Background Over the years, reports implicate improper anti-malarial use as a major contributor of morbidity and mortality amongst millions residents in malaria endemic areas, Kenya included. However, there are limited on Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) which is first-line drug treatment Kenya. Knowing this important for ensured sustainable cure rates also protection against emergence resistant malarial parasites. We therefore investigated ACT adherence level, factors...
Subclinical inflammation and cognitive deficits have been separately associated with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in schoolchildren. However, whether parasite-induced is worse cognition has not addressed. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study to better assess the effect of P. parasitemia on Kenyan enrolled 240 children aged 7-14 years residing high malaria transmission Western Kenya. Children performed five fluid tests from culturally adapted NIH toolbox provided blood...
Antibodies to blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum antigens have been associated with protection against clinical malaria in some studies but not others. Many of these assessed whether high-titer antibodies are and adjusted for differences exposure.The presence apical membrane antigen-1, erythrocyte-binding antigen-175 (EBA-175), merozoite surface protein-1₁₉ (MSP-1₁₉) was 87 children living a holoendemic area Kenya. The were prospectively during 1 year malaria.In unadjusted analyses, MSP-1₁₉,...
Clinical immunity to malaria declines in the absence of repeated parasite exposure. However, little is known about how B cell populations and antigen-specific memory cells change P. falciparum infection. A successful indoor residual insecticide spraying campaign a highland area western Kenya, led an blood-stage infection between March 2007 April 2008. We assessed responses 45 adults at beginning (April 2008) end 2009) subsequent 12-month period during which none had evidence asymptomatic...
Malaria in highland areas of Kenya affects children and adults. Local clinicians include symptoms other than fever when screening for malaria because they believe that alone does not capture all cases malaria. Individuals who presented to dispensaries a site low, unstable transmission from 2007–2011 with 1 or more 11 were tested by microscopy Clinical was defined as asexual Plasmodium falciparum infection on peripheral blood smear an individual any symptom. Asymptomatic P. assessed cohort at...
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Abstract Background Accurate detection of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in children living high transmission areas is important for control and reduction programmes that employ screen-and-treat surveillance strategies. Relative to microscopy conventional rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), ultrasensitive RDTs (us-RDTs) have demonstrated reduced limits with increased sensitivity detect symptomatic individuals. In this study, the performance NxTek ™ Eliminate Malaria P.f test was compared...
Utilization of health information is important in the provision efficient and effective healthcare services.It a major public component ministry which informs decisions for healthcare.It involves generation, collection analysis use identifying gaps systems to prompt planning appropriate interventions or actions promote healthy.It used projects priority activities, budget allocations, research, monitoring evaluation, Educcation policy development.The objective this study was determine...
Abstract Background Further reductions in malaria incidence as more countries approach elimination require the identification and treatment of asymptomatic individuals who carry mosquito-infective Plasmodium gametocytes that are responsible for furthering transmission. Assessing relationship between total parasitaemia gametocytaemia field surveys can provide insight to whether detection low-density, falciparum infections with sensitive molecular methods adequately detect majority infected...
Background. Malaria control campaigns have reduced malaria transmission to very low levels in many areas of Africa. Yet the extent which interruption or elimination might decrease prevalence anemia is unknown. Methods. Kapsisiywa and Kipsamoite, highland Kenya with low, unstable transmission, experienced a 12-month from April 2007 May 2008, following high-level coverage (>70% households) indoor residual insecticide spraying 2007. Hemoglobin were tested 1697 randomly selected asymptomatic...
Iron deficiency (ID) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection frequently coexist. Little data exist on ID in HIV-infected individuals, partly because the iron marker ferritin is altered by inflammation common HIV infection. We measured biomarkers (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR], hepcidin) red cell indices (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume [MCV]) newly diagnosed, antiretroviral therapy-naive, (N = 138) uninfected 52) Kenyan adults enrolled a study of immune response...