A5089838590- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Latin American history and culture
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Migration, Education, Indigenous Social Dynamics
- Building materials and conservation
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Cultural and Social Studies in Latin America
- Dental Trauma and Treatments
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- Archaeology and Natural History
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Indigenous Cultures and Socio-Education
University of Tarapacá
2015-2024
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
2015
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
2005
Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros
2004
Centro de Recursos Educativos Avanzados
2004
How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient modern genome-wide data, we found that ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans Amerindians, entered as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) after more an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to Americas, ancestral Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one is now dispersed across North South...
Native American population history is reexamined using a large data set of pre-Columbian mitochondrial genomes.
The emergence of complex cultural practices in simple hunter-gatherer groups poses interesting questions on what drives social complexity and causes the disappearance innovations. Here we analyze conditions that underlie artificial mummification Chinchorro culture coastal Atacama Desert northern Chile southern Peru. We provide empirical theoretical evidence appeared during a period increased freshwater availability marine productivity, which caused an increase human population size...
There are many unanswered questions about the population history of Central and South Andes, particularly regarding impact large-scale societies, such as Moche, Wari, Tiwanaku, Inca. We assembled genome-wide data on 89 individuals dating from ∼9,000-500 years ago (BP), with a particular focus period rise fall state societies. Today's genetic structure began to develop by 5,800 BP, followed bi-directional gene flow between North Highlands, Highlands Coast. detect minimal admixture among...
Abstract The quest for the origin and dispersion of Chagas' disease, second most important vector‐borne disease in Latin America, has epidemiological, immunological, genetical implications. Conjectures based on accounts chroniclers, reviews archaeological literature present distribution triatomine bugs, vectors held that adaptation Triatoma infestans (aspecies subfamily Triatominae) to human dwellings occurred prehistoric times. autopsy 35 mummies exhumed Chilean desert, dated between 470...
Abstract Aims and objectives The transition to an agricultural economy is often presumed involve increase in female fertility related changes weaning practice. In particular, the availability of staple crops as complementary foods hypothesized allow earlier populations. this study, our primary aim explore whether model fits Atacama Desert using incremental isotopic analysis. A secondary study identify patterns relating weaning, assess how these may be differentiated from those early life...
One hundred and forty-four Chinchorro skeletons, stored at the Museo Arqueol¿ogico San Miguel de Azapa in Arica, Chile, were examined to test following alternative hypotheses concerning skeletal trauma: either observed trauma was a consequence of interpersonal violence, or result work-related accidents. Trauma found subadults rare, with 1.8% (1/55) contrasted 30% (27/89) adult population. The location most skull 24.6% (17/69), followed by upper extremities 8. 7% (7/80), trunk 2.9% (2/68),...
Over one thousand prehistoric crania (n = 1,149) from northern Chile were analyzed to determine if the presence of external auditory exostosis (EAE) was a type subsistence-induced pathology, consequence habitual fishing i cold water Pacific Ocean, rather than genetically determined. To test this occupational hypothesis, sample divided according chronology, economy, site elevation, and sex. The came 43 sites, including coast, lowland valleys (100–2,000 m), highlands (2,000 4,000 m) with time...
Archeological evidence suggests that the iconographic and technological developments took place in highlands around Lake Titicaca Central Andean region had an influence on cultural elaborations of human groups valleys Pacific coast northern Chile. In a previous communication, we were able to show, by means distance analysis, craniofacial differentiation accompanied process evolution (Rothhammer Santoro [2001] Lat. Am. Antiq. 12:59-66). Recently, numerous South Amerindian mtDNA studies...
Current clinical data show a clear relationship between the zoonosis rates of Diphyllobothrium pacificum and Anisakis caused by El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) phenomenon along Chilean coast. These parasites are endemic to region have specific habitat distribution. D. prefers warmer waters in northern coast, while colder Chile. The ENSO causes drastic inversion seawater temperatures this region, modifying both cool nutrient-rich local ecology. This latitudinal shift marine parasite...
Abstract We discuss how the Chinchorro population of hunter‐gatherers and fishermen organized their mobility patterns between rich marine ecosystems Pacific coast extreme hyperarid core Atacama Desert through application strontium isotopes ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr). analyzed tooth enamel samples 35 individuals from n = 28), inland oasis 6), Andean highlands 1). The Sr isotopic composition modern archaeological bone sea mammals land herbivores were obtained 10 localities. Coastal human show a similar...
The micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to identify manganese oxides, pyrolusite, manganite and cryptomelane in archaeological sites northern Atacama Desert, Chile. present data allow us compare expand the origins of raw materials by archaic groups Desert. In Andean highlands, pyrolusite were identified while coastal lowlands found. results complement obtained from lithic rock art painting analyses pointing a better understanding daily life ancient populations minerals use this region. Black...
The use of incremental carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis is gaining momentum as a way establishing infant feeding practices in the past. Here we examine differences information gleaned through techniques applied to individuals, relative more commonly-used bulk sampling cross-section population. We methods, which bone collagen isotope values from multiple construct Bayesian weaning curves for our samples. then compare these results individual times established single deciduous teeth. Our...
Se describen y analizan los patrones funerarios del sitio chinchorro Morro 1, localizado en la costa norte de Chile. excavaron 134 inhumaciones. identificaron tres conocidos para esta cultura: (a) cuerpos con momificación artificial, que corresponden a entierros secundarios múltiples, (b) cubiertos arena, (c) sin tratamiento ningún tipo. Estos dos últimos constituyeron enterramientos individuales primarios. evalúa si práctica artificial compromete todos individuos cultura chinchorro, o por...
The study of complex funerary ritual development among hunters and gatherers societies should take into account how people made up for the continuity their social system without support centralized organizations.This research integrates cultural natural factors to explore Chinchorro carried on with way life isolated at geographically restricted perennial river mouths fresh water along Atacama Desert in Pacific coast South America.Within these rather crowded settlings, they created maintained...
This article presents the results of physical–chemical characterization layers coating covering bodies, faces and stuffed four mummified human bodies seven grave goods from Chinchorro Archaic funerary tradition that inhabited Atacama Desert far northern coast Chile. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-Rays (SEM-EDX) X-Ray Diffraction (μDRX), study identified use different pigments including iron, manganese copper oxides were combined into preparations or pictorial...
Studies of contemporary populations have demonstrated an association between decreased dietary diversity due to resource scarcity or underutilization and increase in diseases related poor micronutrient intake. With a reduction diversity, it is often the women children population who are first suffer effects status. Scurvy, disease prolonged vitamin C deficiency, malnutrition disorder associated with scarcity, low and/or dependence on high carbohydrate staple-foods. The aim this paper assess...
The Atacama Desert is one of the most inhospitable terrestrial environments on Earth, yet upwelling Humboldt Current off coast has resulted in presence a rich marine biota. It this environment which first enabled human settlement northern Desert, and continues to form basis regional economies today. In paper we explore how desert shaped dietary choices throughout prehistory, using carbon nitrogen isotope analysis bone collagen (n = 80) reconstruct diets inhabitants Arica region Atacama. This...