A5023259225- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Environmental and Cultural Studies in Latin America and Beyond
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Geological formations and processes
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Latin American history and culture
- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Tectonic Studies in Latin America
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Botany and Geology in Latin America and Caribbean
- Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Landslides and related hazards
- Botanical Research and Applications
- Climate variability and models
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Cultural and Social Studies in Latin America
Centro de Recursos Educativos Avanzados
2013-2024
Universidad Católica del Norte
2015-2024
Centro de Estudios Científicos
2024
Millenium Nucleus for Planet Formation
2022-2024
University of La Serena
2014-2023
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados
2016-2023
Universidad Pablo de Olavide
2023
Universidad de Granada
2005-2022
Departamento de Educación
2022
University of Chile
2002-2007
Abstract. An improved understanding of present-day climate variability and change relies on high-quality data sets from the past 2 millennia. Global efforts to model regional modes are in process being validated against, integrated with, records vegetation change. For South America, however, full potential for evaluating improving models has hitherto not been sufficiently acknowledged due an absence information spatial temporal coverage study sites. This paper therefore serves as a guide...
Abstract Precipitation in northern Chile is controlled by two great wind belts—the southern westerlies over the Atacama and points south (> 24° S) tropical easterlies central Desert (16–24° S). At intersection of these summer winter rainfall regimes, respectively, a Mars‐like landscape consisting expansive surfaces devoid vegetation (i.e. absolute desert) except canyons that originate high enough to experience runoff once every few years. Pollen assemblages from 39 fossil rodent middens...
The coastal mountains of semiarid Chile are punctuated by patches fog‐dependent evergreen forests. Fog episodes often occur when the prominent topography intercepts a well developed deck stratocumulus (Sc) off north central Chile. A 22‐year record ground‐based fog observations at Fray Jorge Biosphere Reserve (FJBR, 30°S), atmospheric reanalysis and satellite derived low cloud amount used to document annual cycle interannual variability frequency there. number foggy days minimizes during...
The updated inventory of the Latin American Pollen Database (LAPD) offers a wide range new insights. This paper presents systematic compilation palynological research in America. A comprehensive publications peer-reviewed and grey literature shows major expansion studies over last decades. includes 1379 cores sections with paleoecological data more than 4800 modern samples from throughout continent. Through years, pollen datasets extend increasing spans time show improved taxonomic temporal...
Abstract. Paleoclimate reconstructions reveal that Earth system has experienced sub-millennial scale climate changes over the past two millennia in response to internal/external forcing. Although hydroclimate fluctuations have been detected central Andes during this interval, timing, magnitude, extent and direction of change these events remain poorly defined. Here, we present a reconstruction variations on Pacific slope based exceptionally well-preserved plant macrofossils associated...
ABSTRACT In the past two decades, much has been learned about late Quaternary climate history of Atacama Desert with some details still unclear seasonality, timing and extent wet dry phases. Modern studies reveal that, far from exhibiting a unique pattern, seasonal precipitation originates many sources mechanisms. For last 16 ka, we attempt to sort out these complexities in pollen records four fossil rodent midden series spanning 22°–25°S northern Chile. Widespread conditions prevailed...
Late Quaternary precipitation dynamics in the central Andes have been linked to both high- and low-latitude atmospheric teleconnections. We use present-day relationships between fecal pellet diameters from ashy chinchilla rats (Abrocoma cinerea) mean annual rainfall reconstruct timing magnitude of pluvials (wet episodes) spanning past 16,000 years Atacama Desert based on 81 14C-dated A. cinerea paleomiddens. A transient climate simulation shows that identified at 15.9 14.8, 13.0 8.6, 8.1 7.6...
Abstract The Anthropocene is an uneven phenomenon. Accelerated shifts in the functioning of Earth System are mainly driven by production and consumption wealthy economies. Social, environmental health costs such industrialization, however, bear on low‐income communities inhabiting severely degraded territories polluting activities (i.e., sacrifice zones). How global, national local socio‐economic governance processes have interacted perpetuating socio‐environmental inequalities these has...
Abstract We present a fossil pollen analysis from swamp forest in the semiarid coast of Chile (32°05′S; 71°30′W), at northern influence zone southern westerly wind belt. A ∼10,000 cal yr BP (calendar years before 1950) palynological sequence indicates humid phase characterized by dense taxa dated between ∼9900 and 8700 BP. The presence pollen-starved sediments with only scant evidence for vegetation that extreme aridity ensued until ∼5700 recovered slowly afterwards, helped significant...
The record of the initial settlement South America has significant geographical gaps, especially along Pacific coast. study small sites with brief occupation spans can open windows on high‐resolution contexts in which associations and activities are clear. Through use a program designed to identify lacustrine Pleistocene environments human populations would presumably have settled, Quebrada Santa Julia, site attesting presence dating 13,000 calibrated years BP, recently been located semiarid...
Abstract. Multi-millennial environmental and climatic changes in central Chilean Patagonia (44–49° S) during the Last Glacial–Interglacial cycle have been of particular interest as position strength southern westerlies are major forcing factor conditioning dynamics. Recent attempts to reconstruct regional signals from reveal some discrepancies unclear issues among records. This paper presents 13 ka pollen charcoal records Mallín El Embudo (44° 40' S, 71° 42' W) located deciduous Nothofagus...
Abstract. Vegetation is crucial for modulating rates of denudation and landscape evolution, as it stabilizes protects hillslopes intercepts rainfall. Climate conditions the atmospheric CO2 concentration, hereafter [CO2], influence establishment performance plants; thus, these factors have a direct on vegetation cover. In addition, dynamics (competition space, light, nutrients, water) stochastic events (mortality fires) determine state vegetation, response times to environmental perturbations...
High-altitude peatlands in the Andes, i.e., bofedales, play an essential role alpine ecosystems, regulating local water balance and supporting biodiversity. This is particularly true semiarid Chile, where bofedales develop near altitudinal hydrological limits of plant life. The subterranean geometry stratigraphy one peatland was characterized north-central Chile using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) core extraction. Two sounding locations, two...
Abstract Aim To document the impact of late Quaternary pluvial events on plant movements between coast and Andes across Atacama Desert, northern Chile. Location Sites are located along lower upper fringes absolute desert (1100–2800 m a.s.l.), western slope Coastal Ranges Chile (24–26° S). Methods We collected individually radiocarbon dated 21 rodent middens. Plant macrofossils (fruits, seeds, flowers leaves) were identified pollen content analysed. Midden assemblages afford brief snapshots...
Abstract Aim In deserts, past climate change (and particularly rainfall variability) plays a large role in explaining current plant species distributions. We ask which were most and least affected by changes during the late Quaternary northernmost Chile. Location Quebrada La Higuera ( QLH ; 18° S), shallow canyon that cuts east–west through western Andean precordillera of northern Chile, connecting Altiplano with hyperarid Atacama Desert. Methods collected dated 22 rodent middens from...
The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological paleoenvironmental records, we test hypothesis Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity shape national biophysical socio-cultural complexity pressures on natural resources increased over last three millennia. We demonstrate Pre-Columbian intentionally transformed...
Abstract Pollen analysis of two sediment records from a coastal swamp forest site in the Chilean semiarid region (31°50′S; 71°28′W) shows an alternation dry and wet phases during past ∼6100 cal yr B.P. The most prominent vegetation changes occur at ∼4200 B.P., with expansion taxa Luma chequen Escallonia sp. , followed by regression beginning ∼3200 ending its replacement xerophytic scrub, between ∼1800 1300 reexpanded after ∼1300 persisted, minor variation, until present. We interpret...
Abstract The brief, terminal Pleistocene archaeological site at Santa Julia (SJ, 31° 50′ S; 71° 45′ W) is the only one with fluted projectile preforms and megafauna consumption known from Chilean semiarid coastline. Here, we present climatic history SJ during early Holocene reconstructed pollen charcoal analyses spanning 13.2–8.6 ka (=10 3 calibrated 14 C yr BP). Elevated concentrations confirm human activity by 13.2 ka. Human occupation decreased in intensity practically disappears record...