A5103240931- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Workplace Health and Well-being
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Reproductive biology and impacts on aquatic species
- Social Policy and Reform Studies
- Labor market dynamics and wage inequality
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
2016-2025
Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education
2024
Economic Research Centre
2010-2024
University of Edinburgh
2024
University of Oslo
1978-2023
Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration
2020
National Bureau of Economic Research
2020
Columbia University
2020
Norwegian Veterinary Institute
1990-2018
IZA - Institute of Labor Economics
2009-2018
A Horse Is a Horse, of Course The history horse domestication is closely tied to the human society. Wade et al. (p. 865 ) report on sequencing and provide single nucleotide polymorphism map ( Equus caballus genome. Horses are member order perissodactyla (odd-toed animals with hooves). analysis reveals an evolutionarily new centromere equine chromosome 11 that displays properties immature but fully functioning devoid centromeric satellite sequence. findings clarify nature genetic diversity...
Intense selective pressures applied over short evolutionary time have resulted in homogeneity within, but substantial variation among, horse breeds. Utilizing this population structure, 744 individuals from 33 breeds, and a 54,000 SNP genotyping array, breed-specific targets of selection were identified using an FST-based statistic calculated 500-kb windows across the genome. A 5.5-Mb region ECA18, which myostatin (MSTN) gene was centered, contained highest signature both Paint Quarter...
Horses were domesticated from the Eurasian steppes 5,000–6,000 years ago. Since then, use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well selection desired traits fitness, has resulted in diverse populations distributed across world, many which have become or are process becoming formally organized into closed, breeding (breeds). This report describes a genome-wide set autosomal SNPs 814 36 breeds to provide first detailed description equine breed diversity. FST calculations,...
An equine SNP genotyping array was developed and evaluated on a panel of samples representing 14 domestic horse breeds 18 evolutionarily related species. More than 54,000 polymorphic SNPs provided an average inter-SNP spacing ∼43 kb. The mean minor allele frequency across 0.23, the number within ranged from 43,287 to 52,085. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) in most declined rapidly over first 50–100 kb reached background levels 1–2 Mb. extent LD level inbreeding were highest...
Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) persists in cervid populations of North America and 2016 was detected for the first time Europe a wild reindeer Norway. We report detection CWD 3 moose (Alces alces) Norway, identified through large scale surveillance program. The cases occurred 13–14-year-old female moose, we an abnormal form prion protein (PrPSc) brain but not lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that shared same neuropathologic phenotype, characterized by mostly...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal contagious prion naturally occurring in cervids North America. In 2016, CWD was detected wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) Norway. Here, we report the first known infected Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus).
The glacial-interglacial cycles of the upper Pleistocene have had a major impact on recent evolutionary history Arctic species.To assess effects these large-scale climatic fluctuations to large, migratory mammal, we assessed phylogeography reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in control region.Phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes seem reflect historical patterns fragmentation and colonization rather than clear-cut extant...
Ticks can be transported over large distances and across geographical barriers by avian hosts. During the spring migrations of 2003 to 2005, 9,768 passerine birds from 4 bird observatories along southern coastline Norway were examined for ticks. Altogether, 713 carried a total 517 larvae 1,440 nymphs. The highest prevalence tick infestation was observed in thrushes dunnock (Prunella modularis). degree varied during each season, between localities, year year. Blackbirds (Turdus merula) caught...
Although there is little doubt that the domestication of mammals was instrumental for modernization human societies, even basic features path towards remain largely unresolved many species. Reindeer are considered to be in early phase with wild and domestic herds still coexisting widely across Eurasia. This provides a unique model system understanding how process may have taken place. We analysed mitochondrial sequences nuclear microsatellites throughout Eurasia address origin reindeer...
Summary For centuries, domestic horses have represented an important means of transport and served as working companion animals. Although their role in transportation is less today, many horse breeds are still subject to intense selection based on pattern locomotion. A striking example such a selected trait the ability perform additional gaits other than common walk, trot gallop. Those could be four‐beat ambling gaits, which particularly smooth comfortable for rider, or pace, used mainly...
The reindeer is an Arctic species that exhibits distinctive biological characteristics, for which the underlying genetic basis remains largely unknown. We compared genomes of against those other ruminants and nonruminant mammals to reveal light arrhythmicity, high vitamin D metabolic efficiency, antler growth trait females, docility. validate two genes (CYP27B1 POR) show signs positive selection exhibit higher catalytic activity than ruminants. A mutation upstream CCND1 gene endows extra...
Lysozyme response in stressed rainbow trout was compared with measurements of poststress cortisol activity. Estimates heritability lysozyme and were both moderate‐to‐high traits displayed positive genetic correlations pair‐wise comparisons stress exposures. Genetic between tended to be negative, although insignificant. Neither lysozyme, nor exhibited significant serum haemolytic It is concluded that the data do not confirm earlier suggestions should superior consistency trout.
Microsatellite DNA markers were developed from a peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) and genetic relationships among falcons in southern Norway analysed using the markers. The genomic library was screened for presence of dinucleotide microsatellite repeats. Twelve loci revealed polymorphism through initial analysis 24 unrelated falcons, Mendelian inheritance confirmed two families bred captivity. estimated mean probability identical genotypes individuals 3 x 10-8, combined exclusion...
We evaluate the impacts of a compulsory dialogue meeting for long‐term sick‐listed workers in Norway. The is organised by local social security administration after around six months absence; its purpose to bring together absentee, employer and family physician discuss whether arrangements can be made facilitate partial or full work resumption. Our causal analysis based on random‐assignment‐like geographical variation propensity. find that meetings reduce absence duration considerably, both...