A5045480394- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Metallurgy and Material Science
- Research in Social Sciences
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Agriculture and Farm Safety
- Trace Elements in Health
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Food Safety and Hygiene
- Gut microbiota and health
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Insects and Parasite Interactions
- Food Supply Chain Traceability
- Rabies epidemiology and control
Norwegian Veterinary Institute
2015-2025
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
2020
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
2011
Swedish Veterinary Agency
2002-2007
Until June 2004, thirty-eight scrapie cases with unusual features, designated Nor98, have been diagnosed in Norway. This study investigated the distribution of PrP genotypes among Nor98 cases, their flock-mates and a random sample Norwegian slaughtered sheep. The genotype differed markedly from that previous classical scrapie. A leucine/phenylalanine polymorphism at codon 141 hitherto unknown significance to was strongly associated cases. Twenty 38 (52·6 %) were either homozygous or...
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal contagious prion naturally occurring in cervids North America. In 2016, CWD was detected wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) Norway. Here, we report the first known infected Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus).
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases comprise with different levels of contagiousness under natural conditions. The hypothesis has been raised that the chronic wasting disease (CWD) cases detected in Nordic moose ( Alces alces ) may be less contagious, not contagious between live animals field This study aims to investigate epidemiology CWD Norway, Sweden and Finland using surveillance data from 2016 2022. In total, 18 were moose. All positive for (PrP res detection...
The development of active surveillance programmes for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies small ruminants across Europe has led to the recent identification a previously undetected form ovine prion disease, 'atypical' scrapie. Knowledge epidemiology this disease is still limited, as whether it represents risk animal and/or public health. detection atypical scrapie been related use only some EU agreed rapid tests. Information about tests used not, yet, available from reports on in...
For successful development and adoption of technology on dairy farms, farmers need to be included in the innovation process. However, design agricultural technologies usually takes a top-down approach with little involvement end-users at early stages. Living Labs offer methodology that involve throughout process emphasize importance understanding users' needs. Currently, exploration farmers' needs has been limited specific types (e.g., smartphone apps) adult cattle. The aim this study was...
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors bluetongue virus (BTV), African horse sickness and Schmallenberg (SBV). Outbreaks both BTV SBV have affected large parts Europe. The spread these diseases depends largely on vector distribution abundance. aim this analysis was to identify quantify major spatial patterns temporal trends in seasonal variation observed abundance nine countries We gathered existing data from Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria,...
Whilst livestock management technologies may help to improve productivity, economic performance, and animal welfare on farms, there has been low uptake of across farming systems countries. This study aimed understand dairy farmers' intention use calf by combining partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). We evaluated the hypotheses that farmers will intend if they have sufficient competencies, materials, positive meanings...
The emergence of CWD in Europe 2016 and the first natural infection wild reindeer warranted disease management. This led to testing 2424 hunted or culled during 2016-2018, from infected subpopulation Nordfjella mountain range Southern Norway. To identify any association between PRNP variation susceptibility, we characterized open reading frame gene 19 positive 101 age category- sex-matched negative controls. Seven variant positions were identified: 6 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) a 24...
Abstract Background During the last decade, active surveillance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants has been intensive Europe. In many countries this led to detection of cases atypical scrapie which, unlike classical scrapie, might not be contagious. EU legislation requires, that following a case, control measures including further testing take place affected flocks, culling genotype susceptible scrapie. This result additional cases. The aim study was investigate...
ABSTRACT A national survey of Escherichia coli O26 in Norwegian sheep flocks was conducted, using fecal samples to determine the prevalence. In total, 491 were tested, and E. detected 17.9% flocks. One hundred forty-two isolates examined for flagellar antigens (H typing) four virulence genes, including stx eae , identify possible Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) enteropathogenic (EPEC). Most (129 out 142) identified as O26:H11. They possessed may have potential human pathogens, although only a...
Abstract Surveillance of wildlife diseases is logistically difficult, and imperfect detection a recurrent challenge for disease estimation. Using citizen science can increase sample sizes, but it associated with cost in terms the anatomical type quality sample. Additionally, biological tissue samples from remote areas lose due to autolysis. These challenges are faced case emerging chronic wasting ( CWD ) cervids. Here, we develop stochastic scenario tree model diagnostic sensitivity,...
Abstract Infection patterns linked to age and sex are crucial predict the population dynamic effects of diseases in long‐lived species. How such demographic infection arise is often multifactorial, although cause commonly seen as a combination immune status well variation pathogen exposure. Prion particularly interesting, they do not trigger an adaptive response; hence, differences exposure behavior could be prime determinant pattern infection. In cervids, fatal prion disease, chronic...
Abstract The successful mitigation of emerging wildlife diseases may involve controversial host culling. For livestock, ‘preemptive culling’ is an accepted practice involving the removal herds with known contact to infected populations. When applied wildlife, this proactive approach comes in conflict biodiversity conservation goals. Here, we present alternative ‘proactive hunting surveillance’ aim early disease detection that simultaneously avoids undesirable population decline by targeting...
Abstract Background Culicoides biting midges transmit viruses resulting in disease ruminants and equids such as bluetongue, Schmallenberg African horse sickness. In the past decades, these diseases have led to important economic losses for farmers Europe. Vector abundance is a key factor determining risk of vector-borne spread it is, therefore, predict species involved transmission pathogens. The objectives this study were model map monthly abundances Methods We obtained entomological data...
The COST action "Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control)," aims harmonise results and programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated facilitate safe trade improve overall infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed provide an overview on diversity these Europe. A disease was defined as with no or limited at EU level, which is not included Animal health law Categories B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU)...
Abstract Surveillance of wildlife diseases poses considerable logistical challenges compared to that humans or livestock. Citizen science can enable broader coverage, but building an efficient disease monitoring system relies on hunters is challenging. Chronic wasting (CWD) a lethal and infectious prion cervids. Improving surveillance important with the detection CWD in wild reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ) Norway. This study describes components utilizing recreational hunters. We report...
Scrapie is a fatal, neurological disease of sheep and goats belongs to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In 1998, new type scrapie, designated scrapie Nor98, was detected in Norway. Nor98 differs from classical distribution pathological changes prion protein, Western blot profile with isolated cases usually being observed case flocks. 2004, case-control study conducted on 28 102 randomly selected controls. The questionnaire included questions demographic data, animal contact...
Disease caused by Bovine virus diarrhoea (BVDV) is notifiable in Norway. An eradication programme started 1992. The number of herds with restrictions decreased from 2950 1994 to zero at the end 2006. From 2007, aim has been surveillance order document freedom infection. To estimate probability BVDV infection Norwegian cattle population 2011, a scenario tree model program during years 2007-2011 was used. Three system components (SSCs) were included model: dairy, beef suckler sampled farms...
The fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis has foxes and other canids as definitive host rodents intermediate hosts. However, most mammals can be accidental hosts the larval stage may cause serious disease in humans. parasite never been detected Sweden, Finland mainland Norway. All three countries require currently an anthelminthic treatment for dogs cats prior to entry order prevent introduction of parasite. Documentation freedom from E. is necessary justification present import...
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are small hematophagous insects responsible for transmission bluetongue virus, Schmallenberg virus and African horse sickness to wild domestic ruminants equids. Outbreaks these viruses have caused economic damage within European Union. The spatio-temporal distribution biting is a key factor in identifying areas with potential disease spread. aim this study was identify map neglectable adult activity each month an average year....
ABSTRACT The investigation of an outbreak hemorrhagic-uremic syndrome in Norway 2006 indicated that the strain Escherichia coli O103:H25 could originate from sheep. A national survey Norwegian sheep population was performed, with aim identifying and describing a possible reservoir potentially human-pathogenic E. O103, particular H types 2 25. fecal samples 585 flocks resulted 1,222 O103 isolates were analyzed for presence eae stx genes, while subset 369 further examined flagellar antigens (H...
Scrapie is a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting small ruminants and belongs to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. considered serious animal it has been notifiable in Norway since 1965. The clinical signs of scrapie might be vague farmers, if familiar with scrapie, are often best position for detecting suspects. In 2002, an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted order assess Norwegian sheep farmers' vigilance scrapie. Although potential detection scrapie-positive...