A5006540453- Health disparities and outcomes
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Workplace Health and Well-being
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Retirement, Disability, and Employment
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Global Health Care Issues
- Economic Theory and Institutions
- Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
University of Oslo
2004-2023
Economic Research Centre
2003-2021
OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University
2021
Population intelligence quotients increased throughout the 20th century-a phenomenon known as Flynn effect-although recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal of this trend in several countries. To distinguish between large set proposed explanations, we categorize hypothesized causal factors by whether they accommodate existence within-family effects. Using administrative register data and cognitive ability scores from military conscription covering three decades Norwegian birth cohorts...
Children with low-income parents have a higher risk of mental disorders, although it is unclear whether other parental characteristics or genetic confounding explain these associations and true for all disorders.
Abstract Higher socio-economic status (SES) has been proposed to have facilitating and protective effects on brain cognition. We ask whether relationships between SES, volumes cognitive ability differ across cohorts, by age national origin. European US cohorts covering the lifespan were studied (4–97 years, N = 500 000; 54 000 w/brain imaging). There was substantial heterogeneity for all associations. Education positively related intracranial (ICV) total gray matter (GM) volume. Income ICV,...
Does cannabis use have substantial and permanent effects on neuropsychological functioning? Renewed intense attention to the issue has followed recent research Dunedin cohort, which found a positive association between, one hand, adolescent-onset dependence and, other decline in IQ from childhood adulthood [Meier et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(40):E2657–E2664]. The is given causal interpretation by authors, but existing suggests an alternative confounding model based time-varying...
Abstract The main objective of “Lifebrain” is to identify the determinants brain, cognitive and mental (BCM) health at different stages life. By integrating, harmonising enriching major European neuroimaging studies across life span, we will merge fine-grained BCM measures more than 5000 individuals. Longitudinal brain imaging, genetic data are available for a part, as well broader cohorts, exceeding 27,000 examinations in total. linking these other databases biobanks, including birth...
The Theory of Rational Addictions, by Gary Becker & Kevin Murphy (1988), was a rational choice model that became standard tool for economists modeling addictive behavior. approach differs from other theories addiction behavior as the gradual implementation rational, forward-looking plan, where consumption at any point in time is partly motivated immediate payoff and effects this has on individual future. This makes subset behavior, requiring no more specific government policies or attention...
Drug policy, whether for legal or illegal substances, is a controversial field that encompasses many complex issues. Policies can have effects on myriad of outcomes and stakeholders differ in the they consider value, while relevant knowledge policy dispersed across multiple research disciplines making integrated judgements difficult.Experts drug harms, addiction, criminology were invited to decision conference develop multi-criterion analysis (MCDA) model appraising alternative regulatory...
Abstract Does the share of immigrants in a community influence whether people vote for anti‐immigration parties? We conduct systematic review causal inference literature studying this question. collect estimates from 20 studies and develop new Bayesian meta‐analysis framework to account both between‐study heterogeneity effect sizes possibility reporting bias. Although methods that do not adjust bias suggest moderate local immigration, our model finds immigration on far‐right voting is...
Why education is linked to higher cognitive function in aging fiercely debated. Leading theories propose that reduces brain decline aging, enhances tolerance pathology, or it does not affect but rather reflects early-life function. To test these theories, we analyzed 407.356 episodic memory scores from 170.795 participants >50 years, alongside 15.157 MRIs 6.472 across 33 Western countries. More was associated with better memory, larger intracranial volume and slightly of memory-sensitive...
Why education is linked to higher cognitive function in aging fiercely debated. Leading theories propose that reduces brain decline aging, enhances tolerance pathology, or it does not affect but rather reflects early-life function. To test these theories, we analyzed 407.356 episodic memory scores from 170.795 participants > 50 years, alongside 15.157 MRIs 6.472 across 33 Western countries. More was associated with better memory, larger intracranial volume and slightly of memory-sensitive...
Abstract We examine long‐run effects of automation risk on turnout. expect gendered negative because men's turnout is more sensitive to job loss and earnings, but might be offset by populist right‐wing mobilization economic grievances. rely population‐wide administrative data avoid well‐known biases in survey data. find both men women with high suffer the labour market, associated lower for only. The association weaker where right stronger, consistent Finally, we show experimentally that...
Normative thinking about addiction has traditionally been divided between, on the one hand, a medical model which sees as disease characterized by compulsive and relapsing drug use over addict little or no control and, other, moral choice voluntary behaviour under of addict. Proponents former appeal to evidence showing that regular consumption drugs causes persistent changes in brain structures functions known be involved motivation behavior. On this evidence, it is often concluded becoming...
Rational addiction theories illustrate how absurd choice in economics get taken seriously as possibly true explanations and tools for welfare analysis despite being poorly interpreted, empirically unfalsifiable, based on wildly inaccurate assumptions selectively justified by ad-hoc stories. The lack of transparency introduced anchored mathematical models, the psychological persuasiveness stories, way profession neglects relevant issues are suggested what we perhaps should see displays...
Research support of the Council Norway under program RENERGI is gratefully acknowledged.
Drug policies affect a large set of outcomes and may reflect the concerns several policy stakeholder groups. Researchers analysing typically employ public health approach, extended to beyond population longevity. I argue that resulting as currently practised, fails capture seen important by recent drug reform movements, is, full harms illegal markets, subjectively valued consumption intoxicants, dysfunctionality current processes in field value knowledge gained from experiments. illustrate...
Educational attainment is a key indicator of status and opportunity in meritocratic societies. However, it unclear how educational expansion has affected the link between cognitive abilities attainment. As result, this study examines correlation ability across male birth cohorts Norway. Utilizing administrative register data covering more than four decades, we investigate multiple measures their connection to abilities. Our findings reveal consistent decline over time. These question assumed...
ABSTRACT Aims To compare the properties of four measures dependence to nicotine/tobacco, 12‐item Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS‐12), six‐item Fagerström Test Nicotine (FTND) and two shorter versions same measures. Methods In a cross‐sectional telephone survey smokers in representative general population sample Norway, we compared We assessed (i) internal consistency reliability with Cronbach's α; (ii) item scores; (iii) tested validity questionnaires. Test–retest was smaller convenience...