Artificial intelligence holds great promise in terms of beneficial, accurate and effective preventive curative interventions. At the same time, there is also awareness potential risks harm that may be caused by unregulated developments artificial intelligence. Guiding principles are being developed around world to foster trustworthy development application systems. These guidelines can support developers governing authorities when making decisions about use The High-Level Expert Group on...

Normative thinking about addiction has traditionally been divided between, on the one hand, a medical model which sees as disease characterized by compulsive and relapsing drug use over addict little or no control and, other, moral choice voluntary behaviour under of addict. Proponents former appeal to evidence showing that regular consumption drugs causes persistent changes in brain structures functions known be involved motivation behavior. On this evidence, it is often concluded becoming...

Abstract What is self-control and how does the concept of relate to notion will-power? A widespread philosophical opinion has been that will-power not add anything beyond what can be said using other motivational notions, such as strength desire intention. One exception Richard Holton who, inspired by recent research in social psychology, argued a separate faculty needed for persisting one's resolutions, he calls ‘strength will’. However, distinguishes will from self-control. In this paper I...

An important philosophical issue in the study of addiction is what difference fact that a person addicted makes to attributions autonomy (and responsibility) their drug-oriented behavior. In spite accumulating evidence suggesting role emotional dysregulation understanding addiction, it has received surprisingly little attention debate about this issue. I claim that, as result, an aspect impairment many individuals been largely overlooked. A widely shared assumption literature for impair...

To demonstrate what it takes to reconcile the idea of fairness in medical algorithms and machine learning (ML) with broader discourse health equality research.The methodological approach used this paper is theoretical ethical analysis.We show that question ensuring comprehensive ML interrelated three quandaries one dilemma.As depends on a nexus inherent justice concerns embedded research, conceptualisation called for make notion useful.This demonstrates more analytical work needed...

Does addiction to heroin undermine the voluntariness of addicts' consent take part in research which involves giving them free and legal heroin? This question has been raised connection with into effectiveness prescription as a way treating dependent users. Participants such are required give their informed part. Louis C. Charland argued that we should not presume addicts competent do this since by nature loss ability resist desire for heroin. In article, I argue is right consent, but reason...

In order to improve interventions for problem gambling, there is a need studies that can highlight psychological factors support the desire reduce gambling. To explore online gamblers' motivation change by studying participants' reactions an treatment referral website designed motivate at-risk gamblers seek help. A qualitative evaluation study, combining focus groups and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using general inductive approach. The informants included 19 male, treatment-...

Abstract It is common to think of addiction as involving behavior which in some sense "out control." But does this mean addictive actions occur because compulsion or ordinary weakness will? Many philosophers argue that will, since there plenty evidence suggesting they are not caused by irresistible desires. In fact, addicts seem, general, perform these freely the having ability refrain from doing so. paper I argue, first, it addiction-as-compulsion view mistaken, but rather desires a...

ABSTRACT This article reports the result of a survey about causal beliefs, normative conceptions and moral evaluations addicts addiction in general population. Specifically, we focused on four issues: To what extent are current philosophical scientific literature reflected laypersons' conception addiction? How do laypersons rate perceived responsibility? Which factors influence responsibility attributions context What feelings attitudes (anger/sympathy/help-giving intentions) have toward...

Summary Providing heroin to people with addiction taking part in medical trials assessing the effectiveness of drug as a treatment alternative breaches ethical research standards, some ethicists maintain. Heroin addicts, they say, are unable consent voluntarily these trials. Other disagree. In our view, both sides debate have an inadequate understanding ‘voluntariness’. this article we therefore offer fuller definition concept, one which allows for more flexible, case-to-case approach...

Suppose an agent has made a judgement of the form, ‘all things considered, it would be better for me to do rather than b (or any range alternatives doing a)’ where and stand particular actions. If she does not act upon her in these circumstances that failure rationality on part? In this paper I consider two different interpretations all considered judgements which give answers question, one suggested by Donald Davidson, other Paul Grice Judith Baker. argue neither interpretation is adequate....

Summary Multiple offshore wind farms OWF developments in the Northern Hemisphere are currently being planned or built areas that underwent multiple phases of glaciations during last 2.58Ma. This means that, order to develop a meaningful engineering ground model, thorough understanding glacial history region as well depositional and erosional processes end resulting conditions specific location necessary. Offshore, basis for this is typically provided by 2D ultra-high-resolution seismic data...