Summary We evaluated the population structure and temporal dynamics of dominant community members within sewage influent from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Milwaukee, WI. generated > 1.1 M bacterial pyrotag sequences V6 hypervariable region 16S rRNA genes 38 samples taken upstream sanitary sewer system. Only a small fraction pyrotags (∼ 15%) matched human faecal samples. The components included enriched populations Lactococcus Enterobacteriaceae relative to their fractional...

Throughout the primary literature and within textbooks, erythrocyte has been tacitly accepted to have maintained a unique physiological role; namely gas transport exchange. In non-mammalian vertebrates, nucleated erythrocytes are present in circulation throughout life cycle fragmented series of observations mammals support potential role non-respiratory biological processes. We hypothesised that could actively participate via ligand-induced transcriptional re-programming immune...

Crude oil spills are a worldwide ocean conservation threat. Fish particularly vulnerable to the oiling of spawning habitats, and crude causes severe abnormalities in embryos larvae. However, underlying mechanisms for these developmental defects not well understood. Here, we explore transcriptional basis four discrete injury phenotypes early life stages commercially important Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). These include (1) cardiac form function, (2) craniofacial development,...

Abstract In Lake Superior there are three principal forms of lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ): lean, siscowet and humper. Wild lean differ in the shape relative size head, fins, location eyes, caudal peduncle lipid content musculature. To investigate basis for these phenotypic differences, trout, derived from gametes wild populations Superior, were reared communally under identical environmental conditions 2.5 years. Fish analysed growth, morphometry content, differences liver...

Abstract While the goal of most conservation hatchery programs is to produce fish that are genetically and phenotypically indistinguishable from wild stocks they aim restore, there considerable evidence salmon steelhead reared in hatcheries differ phenotypic traits related fitness. Some suggests these differences have a genetic basis (e.g., domestication selection) but another likely mechanism remains largely unexplored between populations arise as result environmentally-induced heritable...

The spatial and temporal variability of bacterial communities were determined for the nearshore waters Lake Michigan, an oligotrophic freshwater inland sea. A estuary sites compared six times during 2006 using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Bacterial composition clustered by individual site date rather than depth. Seven 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed, yielding 2717 sequences. Spatial was detected among DGGE banding patterns supported library composition. from deep...

Concepts of evolutionary biology suggest that morphological change may occur by rare punctual but rather large changes, or more steady and gradual transformations. It can therefore be asked whether genetic changes underlying morphological, physiological, and/or behavioral innovations during evolution in a manner, whereby single mutational event has prominent phenotypic consequences, if many consecutive alterations the DNA over longer time periods lead to divergence. In marine teleost,...

Genetic selection is often implicated as the underlying cause of heritable phenotypic differences between hatchery and wild populations steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that also differ in lifetime fitness. Developmental plasticity, which can affect fitness, may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms such DNA methylation. Our previous study identified significant methylation adult hatchery- natural-origin from same population could not distinguished sequence variation. In current study,...

Abstract Little information has been gathered regarding the ontogenetic changes that contribute to differentiation between resident and migrant individuals, particularly before onset of gross morphological physiological in migratory individuals. The aim this study was evaluate gene expression during early development Oncorhynchus mykiss populations with different life histories, a tissue known integrate environmental cues regulate complex developmental processes behaviours. We sampled...

Abstract Delimiting intraspecific genetic variation in harvested species is crucial to the assessment of population status for natural resource management and conservation purposes. Here, we evaluated structure lingcod ( Ophiodon elongatus ), a commercially recreationally important fishery along west coast North America. We used 16,749 restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) markers, 611 individuals collected from across bulk range Southeast Alaska Baja California, Mexico. In...

Understanding the genetic structure of a fishery may help delineate stocks and is directly applicable to resource management. To date, studies have not found clear population across range sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), yet significant biological differences are recognized. Here we use restriction site-associated DNA sequencing develop thousands single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout genome assess examine for SNPs under natural selection. Our study was unable target spawning...

Recent studies using several teleost models have revealed that androgens increase the size of previtellogenic (primary and/or early secondary) ovarian follicles. To explore our hypothesis drive development primary follicles into secondary follicles, and to determine mechanisms underlying these androgenic effects, we exposed juvenile coho salmon near-physiological relatively sustained levels nonaromatizable androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). This resulted in significant growth after 10 20...

ABSTRACT This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of Bacteroidales fecal bacteria in gulls residing Great Lakes region. Members this bacterial order have been widely employed as human bovine host-specific markers pollution; however, few studies focused on gulls, which can be a major source indicator pathogens at beaches. We found low but consistent five beaches three different counties spanning Wisconsin shoreline Lake Michigan. The percentages positive for were 4 to 8% southern...

The effects of dietary 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) on growth and liver transcriptomics were investigated in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens). After a 3-mo treatment, E(2) significantly stimulated an increase length weight juvenile male female relative to control animals. was greater females compared with males. Separate, unnormalized cDNA libraries constructed from equal quantities RNA 6 livers E(2)-treated perch, 3,546 3,719 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) obtained, respectively. To...

Recent evidence suggests that androgens are a potent driver of growth during late the primary stage ovarian follicle development in teleosts. We have previously shown non-aromatizable androgen, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), both advances vivo and dramatically alters transcriptome coho salmon. Many transcriptomic changes pointed towards 11-KT driving process associated with transition to secondary phenotype. In current study, we implanted previtellogenic early salmon cholesterol pellets...

The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a jawless vertebrate that parasitizes fish as an adult and, with overfishing, was responsible for the decline in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations Great Lakes. While laboratory studies have looked at rates of wounding on various hosts, there been few investigations physiological effects host. In current study, two morphotypes trout, leans and siscowets, were parasitized by lampreys liver transcriptomes nonparasitized analyzed RNA-seq...

Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] observe immunological responses during simulated bacterial viral challenge at the level of gene expression granulocyte function. Complementary DNA libraries created from LPS- poly(I:C)-treated fish c. 5000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequenced. The ESTs subjected BLASTx analysis 1500 genes annotated, grouped by function 20 immune selected for studies real-time PCR....

The goal of this project was to investigate the effects and possible developmental disease implication chronic dietary TCDD exposure on global gene expression anchored histopathologic analysis in juvenile zebrafish by functional genomic, analytic chemistry methods. Specifically, were fed Biodiet starter with added at 0, 0.1, 1, 10 100 ppb, fish sampled following 7, 14, 28 42 d after initiation exposure. accumulated a dose- time-dependent manner ppb caused accumulation female (15.49 ppb) male...