The objective of this prospective cohort study was to determine the effect an abnormal fecal consistency score on weight gain and mortality in male Holstein calves identify risk factors associated with occurrence score. This enrolled 2,616 entering a calf-raising facility Ontario, Canada, between January 2018 December 2020. Fecal scores were assigned twice daily for first 28 d following arrival, where 2, indicating runny consistency, 3, watery classified as diarrhea. Severe diarrhea by 3....

Calves arriving to veal and dairy-beef facilities in poor condition are at risk of future health challenges reduced growth rates, limited knowledge is available on how time transit affects subsequent these animals. The objective this randomized controlled trial was understand the effects transport duration diarrhea, respiratory disease, surplus calves destined for production following 6, 12, or 16 h continuous road transport. Surplus dairy (n = 175; 7 cohorts) from 5 commercial farms...

In the dairy industry, approximately half of calves born are sold into meat industry as “surplus calves”. Since these not considered to be valuable producers, they frequently receive suboptimal care. Dairy producers in Midwest reported provided better care directly than through auction (Creutzinger et al., 2022), but there is no data support this. Thus, objective this study was assess factors that influenced sale price and if calf condition varied between those at vs. a calf-raiser.

Providing optimal calf care remains a challenge on many dairy farms and has important implications for the future health, welfare, productivity of male female calves. Recent research suggests that calves receive lower quality early in life than calves, but further investigation is required to determine factors influence this disparity. The objectives study were understand producer perspectives neonatal practices explore differences between care. Overall, 23 producers Ontario, Canada,...

Surplus dairy calves often arrive at veal and dairy-beef rearing facilities with health blood metabolite level abnormalities, which can affect their welfare performance, predisposing them to future challenges. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was investigate the effects transport duration age time on parameters in surplus following 6, 12, or 16 h continuous road transportation. All from 5 commercial farms Ontario were enrolled examined daily before (n = 175). On day...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects feeding surplus dairy calves a milk replacer (MR) or one 2 different oral rehydration solutions (ORS) during mid-transportation rest period on metabolic and clinical health indicators, growth, behavioral outcomes after arrival calf-raising facility. Surplus (n = 128) were transported in 4 cohorts from February July 2022 for 12 h holding facility, rested 8 h, then an additional 6 Upon randomly assigned 1 3 treatments: MR 43), high...

Surplus dairy calves are commonly transported long distances from farms to calf-raising facilities and livestock auctions. Current calf transportation research mainly describes physiological changes resulting transportation. However, few studies have described the impact of on behavior. The main objective this study was determine effect different durations (6, 12, 16 h) lying time bouts in surplus calves. A secondary investigate if age affected behavior around (n = 175) were 7 cohorts 5...

The objectives were to (1) investigate the effectiveness of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as a measure long-term stress in beef cattle and (2) determine whether meloxicam would decrease postcastration stress. Bull calves on two farms [site 1: Hereford cross (n = 73); site 2: Black Angus 85)] assigned three treatments: surgical castration with saline (CS, n 52), (CM, 54), (3) sham (S, balanced for age. Hair was collected from left hip day 0, prior castration, 14, after 2 wk regrowth 0...

Dairy cows are regularly handled when moved to the milking parlor and during other routine procedures. Low-stress handling methods important in avoiding negative welfare states for dairy cattle. Tail twisting is used by some handlers prompt cattle movement. However, inappropriately with excessive force, tail can lead a broken tail. The aim of this cross-sectional study was determine cow-level factors that may be associated prevalence tails A subset 229 Holstein (68 primiparous 161...

The judicious use of antimicrobials on farms is necessary to mitigate the development antimicrobial-resistant pathogens that compromise human and animal health. On livestock farms, veterinarians prescribe dispense antimicrobials, but producers rapid judgements disease severity make routine decisions initiation empirical antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, knowledge skills required accurately diagnose treatable bacterial infections for optimal stewardship. Veal calves often undergo stressors...

Surplus neonatal dairy calves are routinely transported long distances from the farm of birth to calf raisers. Most research assessing effect transportation on young has focused physiology and health, without considering affective states. The aim this study was assess response male using conditioned place aversion (CPA) testing. Three bouts exposed (n = 95) for 6 31), 12 32), or 16 h 30). During transportation, trailer interior made visually distinct blue horizontal 2 groups) red vertical 1...

Male dairy calves are often sold from the farm of birth within first few days life. Research describing care male is limited, with an emphasis on parsing differences between and female calves. The aims this study were to describe producers’ self-reported practices for relative calves, as well their perceptions toward calf welfare. Overall, 24 producers in Ohio Indiana participated 1 in-person focus group (n = 10) or individually interviewed 14) using a semi-structured questionnaire closed...

Oral sucrose was evaluated for its ability to reduce pain following castration. Piglets (n = 126) were assigned one of the five treatments: (1) castrated and given 3 mL water (C); (2) with 30% before castration (SucB); (3) after (SucA); (4) sham (SHAM); (5) SucSHAM. Piglet navigation time (NT) through a handling chute tested at 0, 15, 30, 45 min treatment as measure pain. Serum cortisol pen behaviours also recorded. At 30 min, C piglets had greater NT than SHAM SucSHAM (P < 0.05). The SucA...

The objective of this diagnostic accuracy study was to develop and validate an alert identify calves at-risk for a diarrhea bout using milk feeding behavior data (behavior) from automated feeders (AMF). We enrolled Holstein (n = 259) as convenience sample size 2 facilities who were health scored daily preweaning offered either 10 or 15 L/d replacer. For development, 132 the ability intake, drinking speed, rewarded visits collected AMF tested. Alerts that had high in development phase...

Many indoor-housed cows isolate at calving when given the opportunity, and behaviors vary by blind pen design. The objectives of this study were to determine if preferred in a visibly separated (blind) or an open area group maternity pen, there was preference for degree seclusion provided (50% vs. 100% coverage). Two blinds amount visibility through created using firehoses secured from top metal frame that lined entire front (100%) with every other hose rolled up (50%). Holstein heifers (n =...