We interact daily with computers that appear and behave like humans. Some researchers propose people apply the same social norms to as they do humans, suggesting psychological knowledge can be applied our interactions computers. In contrast, theories of human–automation interaction postulate humans respond machines in unique specific ways. believe anthropomorphism—the degree which an agent exhibits human characteristics—is critical variable may resolve this apparent contradiction across...

Significance Placebo effects pose problems for some intervention studies, particularly those with no clearly identified mechanism. Cognitive training falls into that category, and yet the role of placebos in cognitive interventions has not been critically evaluated. Here, we show clear evidence placebo after a brief routine led to significant fluid intelligence gains. Our goal is emphasize importance ruling out alternative explanations before attributing effect interventions. Based on our...

Experiential avoidance, the tendency to avoid internal, unwanted thoughts and feelings, is hypothesized be a risk factor for social anxiety.Existing studies of experiential avoidance rely on trait measures with minimal contextual consideration.In two studies, we examined association between anxiety within real-world interactions.In first study, effect in everyday life.For weeks, 37 participants Social Anxiety Disorder [SAD] 38 healthy controls provided reports symptoms during face-to-face...

Objective: We investigated the effects of exogenous oxytocin on trust, compliance, and team decision making with agents varying in anthropomorphism (computer, avatar, human) reliability (100%, 50%). Background: Authors recent work have explored psychological similarities how people trust humanlike automation compared they other humans. Exogenous administration oxytocin, a neuropeptide associated among humans, offers unique opportunity to probe continuum infer when are trusted like another...

Introduction The current study was conducted to update estimates of crash incompatibility between cars and SUVs/pickups in the United States. tradeoff case driver protection partner risk associated with increasing vehicle curb weight also quantified.

The popularity of bicycle travel has increased in recent years alongside a comparable increase the risk injury or death for those cyclists. current study was conducted to investigate differences outcomes between bicyclists struck by SUVs and cars uncover mechanisms behind patterns that have been observed past research.We analyzed 71 single-vehicle crashes from Vulnerable Road User Injury Prevention Alliance pedestrian crash database, focusing on involving an SUV car. Each this database...

Three studies using samples of people in romantic relationships were conducted to create a new individual difference measure partner strengths couples. The 2 perceptions included (1) appreciation their use and effectiveness (2) recognition costs associated with use. Factor analyses supported 2-factors we found that greater predicted relationship satisfaction, commitment, investment, intimacy, self-expansion, support for goal pursuit; recognizing significant was inversely related several...

Objective The current short communication was written to update research on real-world pedestrian crashes. In particular, our analysis offers a preliminary SUV-pedestrian crash outcomes and how they differ from car-pedestrian outcomes. Detailed injury data were linked vehicle features offer better understanding of etiology.Methods We analyzed 82 single-vehicle crashes the VIPA database, focusing involving an SUV or car. Each this database includes in-depth police reports, medical records,...

Objective Large passenger vehicles have consistently demonstrated an outsized injury risk to pedestrians they strike, particularly those with tall, blunt front ends. However, the specific injuries suffered by in these crashes as well mechanics of remain unclear. The current study was conducted explore how a variety vehicle measurements affect pedestrian outcomes using crash reconstruction and detailed attribution.

The objective of this study was to estimate the effects marijuana legalization and subsequent onset retail sales on injury fatal traffic crash rates in United States during period 2009-2019.State-by-state quarterly per mile travel were modeled as a function time, unemployment rate, maximum posted speed limit, seat belt use alcohol percent miles driven rural roads, indicators legalized recreational sales.Legalization associated with 6.5% increase 2.3% rates, but did not elicit additional...

Objective Adaptive cruise control (ACC) and lane centering are usually marketed as convenience features but may also serve a safety purpose. However, given that speeding is associated with increased crash risk worse outcomes, the extent to which driver's speed using ACC reduce maximum benefit they can obtain from this system. The current study was conducted characterize behavior among drivers adaptive similar system added centering.Methods We recruited 40 licensed adult Boston,...

Underemployed workers-those receiving less pay, working fewer hours, or using skills than they would prefer-appear to experience negative mental health outcomes similar the unemployed. Prior cross-sectional research provides mixed empirical evidence for this conclusion, however. The current study sought clarify impact of underemployment longitudinally, assessing 5 times over 8 months after job loss. In addition commonly used indicators underemployment, we designed a measure cognitive...

Objective: When 2 vehicles of different sizes collide, the occupants smaller vehicle are more likely to be injured than larger vehicle. The is both protective its own and aggressive toward other However, larger, heavier tend designed in ways that amplify their incompatibility with smaller, lighter (by having a higher ride height, for example). A 2012 study by Insurance Institute Highway Safety (IIHS) concluded fatalities caused design have decreased recent years. current was conducted update...

AbstractPrior research has found that perceiving positive responses from others following self-disclosures enhances social bonds and plays a role in the maintenance of romantic relationships. We sought to extend this effect by exploring perceived responsiveness good news context initial interactions with stranger. In study, unacquainted college students (n = 106) participated 45-minute semi-structured interaction, information on their emotions behaviours was collected immediately after one...

Future unmanned vehicle operations will see more responsibilities distributed among fewer pilots. Current systems typically involve a small team of operators maintaining control over single aerial platform, but this arrangement results in suboptimal configuration operator resources to system demands. Rather than devoting the full-time attention several UAV, goal should be distribute across UAVs as needed. Under distributed-responsibility system, task load would continuously monitored, with...

Measuring workload accurately is critical for human factors research and applications. However, if the instruments we use to measure are burdensome participants complete, may find ourselves in ironic position of increasing simply by measuring it. We present a pair studies that suggest NASA-TLX, widely-used metric, increases who complete it, consequently hurt performance upwardly bias estimates it produces. found repeated administration NASA-TLX increased 18%, more than doubled decrement on...

Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) missions are executed by teams of operators with highly specialized training and roles; however, the task demands on each operator variable, often resulting in uneven workloads among sometimes mishaps. Therefore, there is a need to develop anticipative effective decision support algorithms that permit evaluation courses action (COAs), while assuring attending right at time do not exceed operator's cognitive capabilities dynamic multi-mission environments....