The authors provide a didactic treatment of nonlinear (categorical) principal components analysis (PCA). This method is the equivalent standard PCA and reduces observed variables to number uncorrelated components. most important advantages over linear are that it incorporates nominal ordinal can handle discover relationships between variables. Also, deal with at their appropriate measurement level; for example, treat Likert-type scales ordinally instead numerically. Every value variable be...

Missing data is a problem that occurs frequently in many scientific areas. The most sophisticated method for dealing with this multiple imputation. Contrary to other methods, like listwise deletion, does not throw away information, and partly repairs the of systematic dropout. Although from theoretical point view imputation considered be optimal method, applied researchers are reluctant use it because persistent misconceptions about method. Instead providing an(other) overview missing or...

This article is set up as a tutorial for nonlinear principal components analysis (NLPCA), systematically guiding the reader through process of analyzing actual data on personality assessment by Rorschach Inkblot Test. NLPCA more flexible alternative to linear PCA that can handle possibly nonlinearly related variables with different types measurement level. The method particularly suited analyze nominal (qualitative) and ordinal (e.g., Likert-type) data, combined numeric data. program CATPCA...

Quantification of cortisol in scalp hair seems a promising measurement for long-term levels, and thereby biomarker stress. We examined concentrations (HCC) children when first entering elementary school. Participants were 42 (45% boys) with mean age 4.2 years (SD = 0.42 months). Hair samples (≥5 cm) collected 2 months after school entry. analysis was conducted using two 2-cm long segments, reflecting the attendance (the scalp-near segment) prior to HCC higher entry than before, especially...

The third Netherlands' Prevalence study of Maltreatment children and youth (NPM-2017) continues the tradition periodically mapping national prevalence child maltreatment.The NPM-2017 provides an update current rates maltreatment changes in its over last 12 years. In addition, risk factors for co-occurrence with domestic violence were investigated.Prevalence data based on cases reported to 'Safe at Home' organizations (former CPS agencies) observations professionals working...

Expanding our knowledge on parenting practices of immigrant families is crucial for designing culturally sensitive intervention programs in countries with high immigration rates. We investigated differences patterns between second-generation and native young children. Authoritarian authoritative control sensitivity Turkish mothers 2-year-old children (n = 70) Dutch were observed the home laboratory. Controlling maternal age education, less supportive, gave clear instructions to their...

In the present randomized controlled trial, effectiveness of video-feedback intervention to promote positive parenting-child care (VIPP-CC) was tested in home-based child care. Forty-eight caregivers were randomly assigned either group or control group. Global quality improved but not The program did change observed caregiver sensitivity. After however, reported a more attitude toward sensitive caregiving than study shows that family-based can be applied with some minor modifications...

ABSTRACT When bilingual children enter formal reading education, host language proficiency becomes increasingly important. This study investigated the relation between socioeconomic status (SES), maternal use, input, and vocabulary in a sample of 111 six-year-old first- second-generation Turkish immigrant parents Netherlands. Mothers reported on their use with child, frequency by both parents, availability children's books ethnic language. Children's Dutch were tested during home visit. SES...

We examined whether differences in adult attachment representations could be predicted from early and later maternal sensitivity, controlling for assessments of attachment. In this longitudinal study on 190 adoptees, at 23 years was measured with the Attachment Script Assessment. Maternal sensitivity observed infancy seven 14 years. also Higher more secure young adulthood. middle childhood There no continuity to adulthood, but adolescence adulthood were significantly related. Even...

Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to explore the structure of data sets containing linearly related numeric variables. Alternatively, nonlinear PCA can handle possibly nonlinearly as well nonnumeric For linear PCA, stability its solution be established under assumption multivariate normality. however, standard options for establishing are not provided. The authors use nonparametric bootstrap procedure assess results, applied empirical data. They confidence intervals variable...

Abstract This study explores the relation between variations in serotonin transporter gene (5‐HTTLPR; long vs. short allele), child's attachment representation (assessed with Attachment Story Completion Task, reflecting security of parent‐child relationship), and electrodermal reactivity during a public speaking task, Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST‐C) sample 92 7‐year‐old. Electrodermal TSST‐C was not directly associated 5‐HTT. However, there significant gene‐environment...

To examine the effects of child age and birth order on sensitive parenting, 364 families with two children were visited when second-born 12, 24, 36 months old, their older siblings average years older.Mothers showed higher levels sensitivity than fathers at all assessments.Parental increased from infancy to toddlerhood, then decreased into early childhood.The changes in parental similar for mothers fathers, mothers' fathers' related over time.However, towards firstborn not each other,...

Stress or arousal responses to novel social contexts ease off when individuals get familiar with the context. In present study we investigated whether oxytocin is involved in this process of familiarization-habituation as known increase trust and decrease anxiety. Fifty-nine healthy female subjects took part same experimental procedure two sessions separated by 4 weeks. first (novelty) session state scores were significantly positively correlated salivary levels while second (familiarity)...

ABSTRACT This study is the first to investigate longitudinal effects of gene–environment interplay between DRD4 genotype and maternal sensitivity on child externalizing behavior. Multiple measures (14, 36, 48 months) behavior (18 months, 36 5 years) were assessed in a large cohort ( N = 548). Early insensitivity (14 was associated with early for better worse manner, but only children at least one 7‐repeat, consistent differential susceptibility model. Later (48 predicted age independent...

Intervention programs with the aim of enhancing parenting quality have been found to be differentially effective in decreasing negative child outcomes such as externalizing behavioral problems, resulting modest overall effect sizes. Here we present protocol for a randomized controlled trial examine efficacy Video-feedback promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline Twin Families (VIPP-Twins) on children's control social competence. In addition, test differential susceptibility...

Parent-child agreement on child maltreatment was examined in a multigenerational study. Questionnaires perpetrated and experienced were completed by 138 parent-child pairs. Multi-level analyses conducted to explore whether parents children agreed about levels of parent-to-child (convergence), examine reported equal (absolute differences). Direct moderating effects age gender as potential factors explaining differences between parent report. The associations parent- child-reported significant...

Abstract Background The effects of child care services on several domains development have been extensively investigated, but evidence regarding the language remains inconclusive. Methods Within a large‐scale population‐based study, we examined longitudinal associations between non‐parental and from 1 to 6 years ( n = 5375). Results showed that more hours in were associated with better abilities. However, first year life less proficiency at ages 1.5. At later ages, this effect disappeared...

Abstract Aim We studied the effects of early mother–child relationship quality and child temperament on development compliance active resistance in a large population‐based cohort study ( n = 534). Background Parenting parent–child can either hamper or support directly interplay with temperament. Methods Mother–infant dyads were observed at 14 36 months maternal behaviours independently coded. The was assessed clean‐up task. Child behaviour coded using system differentiating between two...