Many of the metabolic benefits Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) occur before weight loss. In this study we investigated influence caloric restriction on improvements in responses that within 1st week after RYGB. RESEARCH METHODS AND DESIGN: A mixed meal was administered to nine subjects and RYGB (average 4 +/- 0.5 days) matched, obese days post-RYGB diet.Weight loss both groups minimal; lost 1.4 5.3 kg (P = 0.46) vs. 2.2 1.0 0.004) calorically restricted group. Insulin resistance (homeostasis...

Obesity triggers a low-grade systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the development of obesity-associated metabolic diseases. In searching for links between lipid accumulation and chronic we examined invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, subset lymphocytes that react with lipids regulate inflammatory responses. We show iNKT cells respond to dietary excess become activated before or at time tissue recruitment leukocytes, these progressively increase proinflammatory...

Early after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is improvement in type 2 diabetes, which characterized by insulin resistance. We determined the acute effects of RYGB, with and without omentectomy, on hepatic peripheral sensitivity. also investigated whether preoperative diabetes or postoperative remission influenced tissue-specific sensitivity RYGB.We studied 40 obese (BMI 48 ± 8 kg/m(2)) participants, 17 diabetes. Participants were randomized to RYGB alone conjunction omentectomy....

Objective To measure changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition obese subjects following massive weight loss achieved via bariatric surgery or calorie restriction plus vigorous exercise. Methods Body RMR were measured 13 pairs of retrospectively matched for sex, mass index, weight, age who underwent either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) participated "The Biggest Loser" competition (BLC). Results Both groups had similar final (RYGB: 40.2 ± 12.7 kg, BLC: 48.8 14.9 kg; P =...

Context:Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and resolution of diabetes. Over last decade, it has become well accepted that this diabetes occurs before significant weight loss; however, mechanisms behind effect remain unknown could represent novel therapeutic targets Bile acids have been identified as putative mediators these loss-independent effects.

Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has become an accepted treatment for excessive obesity. We conducted a longitudinal study to assess regional body composition, muscle proteolysis, and energy expenditure before RYGB, 6 12 months after RYGB. Whole‐body fat mass (FM) lean (LM) were assessed via dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), myofibrillar protein degradation was estimated by urinary 3‐methylhistidine (3‐MeH) in 29 subjects. Energy substrate oxidation also determined using whole‐room,...

Bypass of the foregut following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery results in altered nutrient absorption, which is proposed to underlie improvement glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We conducted a prospective crossover study mixed meal was delivered orally before RYGB (gastric) both (jejunal) by gastrostomy tube postoperatively (1 6 wk) nine subjects. Glucose, insulin, incretin responses were measured, whole-body sensitivity estimated with index composite. resulted an improved...

Objectives We sought to determine: (1) if early weight regain between 1 and 2 years after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with worsened hepatic peripheral insulin sensitivity, (2) preoperative levels of ghrelin leptin are RYGB. Methods Hepatic sensitivity plasma were assessed longitudinally in 45 subjects before RYGB at month, 6 months, year, postoperatively. Weight was defined as ≥5% increase body Results occurred 33% subjects, an average 10 ± 5% (8.5 3.3 kg). not worsening or...

<ns4:p>Obesity and its associated medical conditions continue to increase add significant burden patients, as well health-care systems, worldwide. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity comorbidities, resolution of diabetes weight loss-independent in case some operations. Although these weight-independent effects are frequently described clinically, mechanisms behind them not understood remain an intense area focus growing field metabolic bariatric surgery....

To examine the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery with and without laparoscopic removal omental fat (omentectomy) on temporal gene expression profiles skeletal muscle.Previously reported were whole-body metabolic a randomized, single-blinded study in patients receiving RYGB stratified to receive or not omentectomy. In this follow up we report changes muscle subset 21 patients, for whom biopsies collected preoperatively at either 6 months 12 postoperatively.RNA isolated from...

Ghrelin is a gastric-derived hormone that stimulates growth (GH) secretion and has multi-faceted role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, including glucose metabolism. Circulating ghrelin concentrations are modulated response to nutritional status, but responses altered metabolic states poorly understood. We investigated effects obesity early after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Summary Aims Every year, over 200 000 individuals undergo bariatric surgery for the treatment of extreme obesity in United States. Several retrospective studies describe occurrence orthostatic intolerance (OI) syndrome after surgery. However, incidence this remains unknown. Materials and methods We used a prospective, de‐identified registry 4547 patients who have undergone at Vanderbilt to identify cases new‐onset OI. Structured chart reviews were conducted all subjects reported OI post...

<h2>Abstract</h2> New-onset post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) occurs frequently after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Although calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids are assumed to be the cause for hyperglycemia, patients developing PTDM have elevated fasting C-peptide levels before HCT immunosuppressive medications. To determine if results from established insulin resistance present transplant, we performed oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) measured whole body,...

Objective It has been previously reported that early after Roux‐en‐Y‐gastric bypass, dopamine (DA) type 2 and 3 receptor (D2/3R) binding potential (BP ND ) was decreased from preoperative levels. The current study aimed to determine whether calorie restriction without weight loss modifies D2/3R BP such changes are explained by neuroendocrine regulation. Methods Fifteen females with obesity (BMI = 39 ± 6 kg/m were studied before ∼10 days of a very‐low‐calorie‐diet (VLCD). Outcome measures...

Triglyceride content in the liver is regulated by uptake, production and elimination of lipoproteins, derangements these processes contribute to nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD). Previous studies show a direct relationship between intrahepatic fat apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) containing particles, VLDL LDL, but little consensus exists regarding changes lipoprotein development simple steatosis (SS) versus steatohepatitis (NASH). Further, ethnic variations lipoproteins among SS NASH are...

Abstract Context Abnormal fatty acid (FA) metabolism contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The FA receptor CD36 has been linked risk of metabolic syndrome. In rodents regulates various aspects fat metabolism, but whether it similar actions in humans is unknown. We examined the impact a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism on postprandial hormone bile (BA) responses. Objective To examine minor allele (G) variant rs3211938 (G/T), which reduces level by ∼50%, influences hormonal...

Obesity is associated with increased markers of oxidative stress. We examined whether stress reduced within the first week after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and could be related to changes in adipose tissue depots. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) marker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) activity antioxidant glutathione peroxidases (GPX) plasma were compared before ~1 RYGB. effects RYGB on subcutaneous interstitial fluid 8-iso-PGF2α levels expression GPX-3 also assessed....

Ghrelin is a gastric hormone that stimulates hunger and worsens glucose metabolism. Circulating ghrelin decreased after Roux-en-Y bypass (RYGB) surgery; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this change unknown. We tested hypothesis jejunal nutrient exposure plays significant role in suppression RYGB. Feeding tubes were placed stomach or jejunum 13 obese subjects to simulate pre-RYGB post-RYGB gastrointestinal (GI) tract, respectively, without confounding effects of caloric restriction,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in insulin sensitivity, hormone secretion, and hepatic steatosis immediately after caloric restriction, vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Obese subjects were assessed for 1) sensitivity with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp glucose tracer infusion, 2) adipokine concentrations serum subcutaneous adipose interstitial fluid sampling, 3) fat content MRI before 7–10 days VSG, RYGB, or supervised...