This study investigated the effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of exposure to high-intensity, low-frequency sonar using an element standard Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System Low Frequency Active (LFA) source array. Effects LFA hearing were tested auditory brainstem responses. also examined inner ear morphology scanning electron microscopy and nonauditory tissues general pathology histopathology. Animals exposed a maximum received rms sound pressure level 193dB re 1μPa2 for...

The lateral-line system of gars consists superficial neuromasts, which are arranged in lines termed pit lines, canal neuromasts and spiracular organs, located within diverticula the hyoid gill pouch. Both possess polarized hair cells whose directional sensitivity parallels long axis their respective lines. However, apical surfaces larger far more than do those superificial but have longer kino-cilia and, presumably, cupulae. receptors innervated by three pairs cranial nerves: anterior,...

Gars, like most other ray-finned fishes, possess lines of superficial and canal neuromasts that form highly ordered spatial arrays on the head trunk. These are innervated by three pairs cranial nerves: anterior, middle posterior lateral-line nerves. Application horseradish peroxidase to roots these nerves indicates afferent fibers each nerve terminate throughout rostrocaudal extent ipsilateral octavolateralis column, composed medial caudal nuclei, as well rostrally in eminentia granularis...

An earlier study examined the effects of exposure to seismic air guns on hearing three species fish from Mackenzie River Delta in Northern Canada [Popper et al. (2005). "Effects airgun use species," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 3958-3971]. The sound pressure levels which fishes were exposed a mean received level 205-209 dB re 1 microPa (peak) per shot and an approximate SEL 176-180 microPa(2) s shot. In this report, same animals determine whether there sensory cells inner ear as result exposure....

Abstract Recently, several rockfish species (genus Sebastes ) have been reported to be soniferous. To determine whether an additional produces sounds, passive acoustic recordings were analyzed from captive marbled ( Sebastiscus marmoratus during the non‐spawning season. Three distinct sounds identified based on frequency features. The common characteristics among all low (below 300 Hz) and rapidly dampened pulses consisting of 3–5 energy cycles. During free‐swimming conditions in canvas...

Abstract The hearing abilities of three age‐groups (which correspond to size‐classes) walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were determined from auditory evoked potentials. Walleye had the best sensitivity 100 200 Hz, with thresholds around 75 dB re: 1 μPa. Hearing decreased increasing frequency up 450 Hz. There was no significant difference in between age‐groups, although there a interaction and age as well trend which older fish slightly lower mean thresholds. At same time, substantial...

This study investigated immediate effects of intense sound exposure associated with low‐frequency (170–320 Hz) or mid‐frequency (2·8–3·8 kHz) sonars on caged rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss , channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid sunfish Lepomis sp. in Seneca Lake, New York, U.S.A. focused potential inner ear tissues using scanning electron microscopy non‐auditory gross histopathology. Fishes were exposed to sounds for 324 628 s a received peak signal level 193 dB re 1 µPa (root...

The ears of five large bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). gross structure the ear is similar to that in other fishes. ears, however, appear be held more rigidly place than species through presence an extensive connective tissue between membranous surrounding bone. Moreover, unlike fishes, semicircular canals otolithic end organs have thick cartilaginous walls there a dense matrix otoliths rather watery fluid found species. SEM revealed...

Abstract The skin mucus of fish acts as the first line self‐protection against pathogens in aquatic environment and comprises a number innate immune components. However, presence critical classical complement component C1q, which links adaptive systems mammalians, has not been explored primitive actinopterygian fish. In this study, we report that C1q is present Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ). was able to inhibit growth Escherichia coli . bacteriostatic activity reduced by heating...

Cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) are some of the most intriguing molluscs, they represent economically important commercial marine species for fisheries. Previous studies have shown that cephalopods sensitive to underwater particle motion, especially at low frequencies in order 10 Hz. The present paper deals with quantitative modeling statocyst system three cephalopod species: Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis Loligo vulgaris. octopus's macula/statolith organ was modeled as a...

We propose a planar metamaterial design to realize active manipulation of plasmon-induced transparency. Under periodic boundary condition, surface plasmon polaritons mode is excited by plane wave with momentum conservation at oblique incidence. Due the destructive interference between and induction-capacitance resonance mode, an approximate 100% transparency window produced large incident angles. Simply varying angle, features can be dynamically tuned. At angle 70°, sharp bandwidth 30 nm...

Abstract The electro‐receptive lateral line system appeared early in the evolutionary history of fish. Sturgeons, members primitive Chondrostei group, are known for their electroreceptors (ampullae Lorenzini) on head, which thought to be sensitive weak electric fields aquatic environments and involved feeding, mating migration. Here, we report results a set behavioral electrophysiological experiments designed determine function characteristics electrosense cultured sturgeons. showed Siberian...

Many species of odontocete cetaceans (toothed whales) use high-frequency clicks (60-170 kHz) to identify objects in their environment, including potential prey. Behavioral studies have shown that American shad, Alosa sapidissima, can detect ultrasonic signals similar those odontocetes are potentially predators. shad also show strong escape behavior response pulses between 70 and 110 kHz determine the location sound source at least horizontal plane. The present study examines physiological...

The lateral line found in some amphibians and fishes has two distinctive classes of sensory organs: mechanoreceptors (neuromasts) electroreceptors (ampullary organs). Hair cells neuromasts can be damaged by aminoglycoside antibiotics they will regenerate rapidly afterward. Aminoglycoside sensitivity the capacity for regeneration have not been investigated ampullary organs. We treated Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) larvae with neomycin observed loss hair both organs labeling DASPEI...

Environmental assessments of underwater noise on marine species must be based species-specific hearing abilities. This study was to assess the potential impact from East China Sea Bridge wind farm acoustic communication marbled rockfish. Here, 1/3 octave frequency band 125 Hz with level range 78–96 dB re 1 μPa, recorded at distances between 15-20m foundation speed 3–5 m/s. Auditory evoked (AEP) and passive techniques were used determine abilities sound production fish. The resultes showed...

This paper reports the preliminary development of a capacitive accelerometer that possesses high sensitivity and broad dynamic range simultaneously. Our idea improving these two conflicting requirements is to incorporate positive negative feedbacks into system, inspired by operation mechanisms inner ear hair cells. The feedback selectively amplifies small inputs but stops functioning for large inputs, realizing bio-inspired compressive nonlinearity. On other hand, implemented reduce DC...

As a defensive behavior of escaping from the predators, sudden inflating ("puffing") has been found in all members pufferfish sister taxa Diodontidae and Tetraodontidae. However, mechanism inflation is largely unknown. To further understand Tetraodontidae, morphological dissection, X-ray staining methods were conducted to investigate variations functional adaptation during Takifugu obscurus. The results indicated that after receiving stimulation, obscurus quickly frequently swallows water...

Room-temperature operation of a GaSb based laterally coupled distributed feedback quantum-well laser diode emitting at 2 μm is demonstrated. The device exhibits single longitudinal mode characteristic as result the first order Cr-Bragg gratings alongside narrow ridge waveguide. We design structure to obtain critical coupling condition corresponding coefficient 12 cm−1. For 1-mm-long uncoated with 3-μm-wide stripe, output spectrum side suppression ratio high 28.5 dB achieved, and maximum...

Abstract Light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the epidermal lateral line system of Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii Brandt, 1869). This consists mechanoreceptive neuromasts, ampullae electroreceptive organ. The neuromasts are located in 5 pairs cephalic 1 pair trunk canals superficially middle posterior pit lines that lie dorsomedially along top skull immediately adjacent otic field. Both canal organ superficial have opposite polarized hair cells parallel axis...