Triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to be synthesized in a reaction that uses acyl-CoA as acyl donor and diacylglycerol (DAG) acceptor, which catalyzed by the enzyme acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase. We have found some plants yeast also an acyl-CoA-independent mechanism for TAG synthesis, phospholipids donors DAG acceptor. This we call phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, or PDAT. PDAT was characterized microsomal preparations from three different oil seeds: sunflower, castor bean,...

The use of pathogen-resistant cultivars is expected to increase yield and decrease fungicide in agriculture. However, potato breeding, increased resistance obtained via genes (R-genes) hampered because R-gene(s) are often specific for a pathogen race can be quickly overcome by the evolution pathogen. In parallel, susceptibility (S-genes) important pathogenesis, loss S-gene function confers several plants, such as rice, wheat, citrus tomatoes. this article, we present mutation screening seven...

Abstract A new pathway for triacylglycerol biosynthesis involving a phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) was recently described (Dahlqvist A, Stahl U, Lenman M, Banas Lee Sandager L, Ronne H, Stymne S, [2000] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 6487–6492). The LRO1 gene that encodes the PDAT identified in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and shown to have homology with animal lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. search of Arabidopsis genome database protein encoded by At5g13640 as...

Acetylenic bonds are present in more than 600 naturally occurring compounds. Plant enzymes that catalyze the formation of Δ12 acetylenic bond 9-octadecen-12-ynoic acid and epoxy group 12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic were characterized, two genes, similar sequence, cloned. When these complementary DNAs expressed Arabidopsis thaliana , content or epoxidated fatty acids seeds increased from 0 to 25 15 percent, respectively. Both have characteristics membrane proteins containing non–heme iron...

Napin (1.7 S protein) is a basic, low molecular weight storage protein synthesized in rapeseed (Brassica napus) embryos during seed development. composed of two polypeptide chains with weights 9000 and 4000 that are held together by disulfide bonds. Comparison the deduced amino acid sequence napin cDNA clone peptide fragments established initially as precursor 178 residues. This subsequently processed through several proteolytic events, which ultimately generate mature chains, 86 29...

A rapeseed chromosomal region containing a gene (napA), which encodes the 1.7 S seed storage protein (napin), was isolated in several overlapping recombinant clones from phage lambda genomic library. Following restriction enzyme mapping of region, subclone napA coding as well some 1.1 and 1.4 kilobases DNA 5' 3' regions, respectively, mapped sequenced. The turned out to lack introns. Southern blotting analyses utilizing napin cDNA clone probe revealed presence on order 10 genes genome. major...

In order to get global molecular understanding of one the most important crop diseases worldwide, we investigated compatible and incompatible interactions between Phytophthora infestans potato (Solanum tuberosum). We used two field-resistant clones under Swedish growing conditions, which have greatest known local diversity P. populations, a reference cultivar. Quantitative label-free proteomics 51 apoplastic secretome samples (PXD000435) in combination with genome-wide transcript analysis by...

Abstract Potato is the third most important food crop, but cultivation challenged by numerous diseases and adverse abiotic conditions. To combat diseases, frequent fungicide application common. Knocking out susceptibility genes genome editing could be a durable option to increase resistance. DMR6 has been described as gene in several crops, based on data that indicates increased resistance upon interruption of function. In potato, Stdmr6-1 mutants have against late blight pathogen...

Immunocytochemical studies on Brassica napus (rapeseed) tissues using a monoclonal antibody against myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase) showed that the enzyme was only present in small number of cells. In developing embryo, scattered myrosinase-containing cells were both cotyledons and axis. The accumulated these during later stages seed development, approximately from day 20 until 40 after pollination. Parallel staining with immunocytochemical technique histochemical method identified...

MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) are signalling components highly conserved among eukaryotes. Their diverse biological functions include cellular differentiation and responses to different extracellular stress stimuli. Although some substrates of have been identified in plants, no information is available about whether amino acids the primary sequence other than proline-directed phosphorylation (pS-P) contribute kinase specificity towards substrates. In present study, we used a...

Using disease bioassays and transcriptomic analysis we show that intact SA-signalling is required for potato defences against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria solani. Early blight, caused by fungus solani, an increasing problem in cultivation. Studies of molecular components defining defence responses to A. solani are limited. Here, investigate plant signalling with a focus on salicylic acid (SA) jasmonic (JA) pathways response Our revealed SA necessary restrict growth early...

Early blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Alternaria solani, is an economically important disease affecting tuber yield worldwide. The mainly controlled chemical plant protection agents. However, over-using these chemicals can lead to evolution of resistant A. solani strains and environmentally hazardous. Identifying genetic resistance factors crucial for sustainable management early blight but little effort has been diverted in this direction. Therefore, we carried out...

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important global crop, but its production severely impacted by late blight, caused the pathogen Phytophthora infestans. The economic burden of this disease significant, and current control strategies rely mainly on fungicides, which face increasing regulatory environmental constraints. To address challenge, potatoes with resistance genes from wild potato relatives offer a promising solution. This study evaluated field to blight in lines (Maris Piper)...

A purified 75‐kDa myrosinase and a crude rapeseed fraction were used as antigens to produce mouse anti‐myrosinase monoclonal antibodies. The was also polyclonal rabbit antiserum. antiserum one antibody reacted with three distinct polypeptides of 75, 70 65 kDa (M75, M70 M65, respectively). second set antibodies exclusively the form myrosinase, third showed specificity towards two components 52 50 (myrosinase‐binding proteins, MBP52 MBP50, MBP50 lack inherent activity, but are nevertheless...

Abstract Continued climate change impose multiple stressors on crops, including pathogens, salt, and drought, severely impacting agricultural productivity. Innovative solutions are necessary to develop resilient crops. Here, using quantitative potato proteomics, we identify Parakletos, a thylakoid protein that contributes disease susceptibility. We show knockout or silencing of Parakletos enhances resistance oomycete, fungi, bacteria, whereas its overexpression reduces resistance. In...

We have characterized three CoA-independent types of enzyme, phospholipases, phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and cholinephosphotransferases, responsible for the removal unusual fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine (PC) in microsomal preparations developing oil seeds. The metabolism sn-2-[14C]acyl-PC was monitored various oilseeds having either medium-chain, acetylenic, epoxy or hydroxy as their major oil. results indicate that PDAT plays a role removing ricinoleic acid...

In mature seeds of Brassica napus three major and minor myrosinase isoenzymes were identified earlier. These myrosinases are known to be encoded by at least two different families genes, denoted MA MB. the work described in this paper presence embryos, seedlings, vegetative tissues B. was studied related expression MB genes same facilitate future functional studies these enzymes. developing seeds, 75, 73, 70, 68, 66, 65 kD present. During seedling development there a turnover pool such that...

A gene encoding a sterol ester-synthesizing enzyme was identified in Arabidopsis. The cDNA of the Arabidopsis At1g04010 (AtPSAT) overexpressed behind cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Microsomal membranes from leaves overexpresser lines catalyzed transacylation acyl groups phosphatidylethanolamine to sterols. This activity correlated with expression level AtPSAT gene, thus demonstrating that this encodes phospholipid:sterol acyltransferase (PSAT). Properties were examined microsomal...

Phytophthora is the most devastating pathogen of dicot plants. There a need for resistance sources with different modes action to counteract fast evolution this pathogen. In order better understand mechanisms defense against P. infestans, we analyzed several clones potato. Two genotypes tested, Sarpo Mira and SW93-1015, exhibited strong infestans in field trials, whole plant assays detached leaf assays. The resistant developed sizes hypersensitive response (HR)-related lesions. HR lesions...

Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) is a highly diverse tetraploid crop. Elite cultivars are extremely heterozygous with high prevalence of small length polymorphisms (indels) and single nucleotide (SNPs) within between cultivars, which must be considered in CRISPR/Cas gene editing strategies designs to obtain successful editing. In the present study, in-depth sequencing glucan water dikinase (GWD)1 downy mildew resistant 6 (DMR6-1) genes potato Saturna Wotan, respectively, revealed both indels...