Solar-driven transfer hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds has received considerable attention in the research area sustainable organic synthesis; however, water, ultimate green source hydrogen, rarely been investigated due to high barrier associated with splitting water molecules. We report a carbon-nitride-supported palladium single-atom heterogeneous catalyst unparalleled performance photocatalytic water-donating compared its nanoparticle counterparts. Isotopic-labeling experiments and...

The imaginary Poynting momentum (IPM) of light has been captivated as an unusual origin optical forces. However, the IPM force is predicted only for dipolar magnetoelectric particles that are hardly used in manipulation experiments. Here, we report a whole family high-order forces not but also generic Mie particles, assisted with their excited higher multipoles within. Such optomechanical manifestations derive from nonlocal contribution to force, which can be remarkable even when incident...

Optical forces and torques offer the route towards full degree-of-freedom manipulation of matter. Exploiting structured light has led to discovery gradient curl forces, nontrivial optomechanical manifestations, such as negative lateral optical forces. Here, we uncover existence two fundamental torque components, which originate from reactive helicity momentum light, represent rotational analogues respectively. Based on introduce demonstrate concept torques, act transversely spin...

Light beams may carry optical spin or orbital angular momentum, both. The and parts manifest themselves by the ellipticity of state polarization vortex structure phase light beams, separately. Optical orbit interaction, arising from interaction between spatial has attracted enormous interest recently. spin-to-orbital momentum conversion under strong focusing is well known, while converse process, orbital-to-spin conversion, not been reported so far. In this paper, we predict in theory that...

By analyzing the vectorial Helmholtz equation within thin-layer approach, we find that light acquires a novel geometrical phase, in addition to usual one (the optical Berry phase), during propagation along curved path. Unlike phase is induced by transverse spin binormal direction and associated with curvature of curve. Furthermore, show Hall effect torsion curve direction, which different from light. Finally, demonstrate phenomena are described geometry-induced U(1) gauge fields adiabatic...

Abstract The Belinfante spin momentum (BSM) is a fundamental yet enigmatic quantity of electromagnetic fields. It vanishes from the global field, but can be detected locally, manifesting itself as an optical force on small particles. Hitherto, however, BSM concept well established only within dipole approximation, and there no explicit experimental evidence for its action multipoles. Here, theoretical model multipolar forces, exerted generic Mie particles supporting multipoles arbitrary...

Low-refractive-index microparticles, such as hollow microspheres, have shown great significance in some applications, biomedical sensing and targeted drug delivery. However, optical trapping manipulation of low-refractive-index microparticles are challenging, owing to the repelling force exerted by typical traps. In this paper, we demonstrated rotating large-sized using quasi-perfect vortex (quasi-POV) beams, which were generated Fourier transform high-order quasi-Bessel beams. Numerical...

Transverse spin angular momentum, which appears locally in the structured optical fields, has attracted much attention, owing to its extraordinary properties and potential applications. We show theoretically that, by highly focusing a vector vortex beam with azimuthally varied polarization, it is possible trap multiple particles simultaneously manipulate particles' along azimuthal direction. Both direction magnitude of so torque on particle, can be changing state input beams. Moreover,...

Focusing fields of optical vortex (OV) beams with circular or radial polarizations carry both spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital (OAM), can realize non-axial spinning orbiting motion absorptive particles. Using the T-matrix method, we evaluate forces torques exerted on micro-sized particles induced by OV beams. Numerical results demonstrate that particle is trapped circle intensity maxima, experiences a transverse torque along azimuthal direction, longitudinal torque, an respectively....

The perfect optical vortex (POV), the ring size being independent of its topological charge, has found potential applications in tweezers and communications. In this Letter, we report a new kind POV, termed as double-ring POV (DR-POV), whose diameters two rings are charge. We theoretically demonstrate that such is Fourier transform an azimuthally polarized Bessel beam. Experimental results agree well with theoretical prediction. further investigate nature DR-POV through interferometric...

Lots of research studies reveal that the surface atoms on top/bottom facets nanosheets are key features in enhancing electrocatalytic activity while edge and corner sites electrocatalysts often possess superior activity. Herein, we report 2D dendritic PdAgPt ternary nanoalloys with abundant crystal defects such as steps, twin boundary, atomic holes, which can effectively work catalytic active-sites. The morphology be regulated readily from to nanowheels. Compared binary Pd68Ag32...

Abstract Virus infection may induce excessive interferon (IFN) responses that can lead to host tissue injury or even death. β-arrestin 2 regulates multiple cellular events through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. Here we demonstrate also promotes virus-induced production of IFN-β and clearance viruses in macrophages. interacts with cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) increases binding dsDNA cGAS enhance (cGAMP) downstream stimulator genes (STING) innate immune responses....

On the basis of first-principles calculations, we report design three two-dimensional (2D) binary honeycomb-kagome polymers composed B- and N-centered heterotriangulenes with a periodically alternate arrangement as in hexagonal boron nitride. The 2D donor–acceptor characteristics are semiconductors direct band gap 1.98–2.28 eV. enhanced in-plane electron conjugation contributes to high charge carrier mobilities for both electrons holes, about 6.70 0.24 × 103 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively,...

Abstract Enantiomers (opposite chiral molecules) usually exhibit different effects when interacting with agents, thus the identification and separation of enantiomers are importance in pharmaceuticals agrochemicals. Here an optical approach is proposed to enantioselective trapping multiple pairs by a focused hybrid polarized beam. Numerical results indicate that such beam shows local chirality opposite signs focal plane, can trap corresponding near extreme value density according handedness...

Surface characteristics of untreated and microwave-assisted dilute lye (MAL) treated rice straw have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD). Rice composition was by lignocelluloses determination. FTIR showed MAL treatment could effectively remove lipophilic extractives from the surface break hydrogen bonds in straw, it proven that more cellulose exposed MAL-treated with SEM. The analysis result...

Holographic optical tweezers are a powerful trapping and manipulation tool in numerous applications such as life science colloidal physics. However, imperfections the spatial light modulator components of system will introduce detrimental aberrations to system, thereby degrading performance significantly. To address this issue, we develop an aberration correction technique by using high-order vortex metric. The optimal Zernike polynomial coefficients for quantifying determined comparing...

Chirality describes a reduced symmetry and abounds in nature. The handedness-dependent response usually occurs only when chiral object interacts with another entity. Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is inherently due to the helical wave front. Here, we put forward scheme that enables optical separation simultaneous discrimination of single particles using focused vector beams OAM. Such vortex radial-splitting chirality can selectively trap one enantiomer inside or outside...

Conductive two-dimensional M 3 (C 6 S O ) 2 monolayers are demonstrated to be promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, and their catalytic performance can effectively tuned by varying central metals.

Enabled by multiple optical traps, holographic tweezers can manipulate particles in parallel flexibly. Spatial light modulators are widely used tweezers, which Gaussian point (GP) trap arrays or special mode including vortex (OV) arrays, perfect (PV) and Airy beam etc., be generated addressing various phase holograms. However, the traps these almost all of same type. Here, we propose a new method for generating hybrid array (HOTA), where such as GPs, OVs, PVs, beams focal plane combined...

The intrinsic optical torque of a focused cylindrical vector beam on Rayleigh absorptive spherical particle is calculated via the corrected dipole approximation. Numerical results show that, for radially polarized input field, distributed in focal plane strictly along azimuthal direction anywhere except at focus. This shows completely different property from what observed focusing circularly beam, where strong axial component arises. For other cylindrically fields, tends to align itself...

We investigate the spatial orientation dependence of optical trapping forces and intrinsic torques exerted on spheroidal Rayleigh particles under irradiation highly focused linearly circularly polarized beams. It is revealed that maximal strongly depend spheroid, particle driven to be stably trapped at beam focus with its major axis perpendicular axis. For a beam, torque always plane containing polarization direction incident beam. Therefore, spheroid tends rotate along direction. However,...

The emerging field of photopharmacology has offered a promising alternative to guard against the bacterial resistance by effectively avoiding antibiotic accumulation in body or environment. However, degradation, toxicity, and thermal reversibility have always been an ongoing concern for potential applications azobenzene-based photopharmacology. Developing novel photopharmacological agents based on more matched switch is highly demand remains major challenge. Herein, two...

Single atoms anchored on stable and robust two-dimensional (2D) materials are attractive catalysts for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. Here, 3d (Fe-Zn), 4d (Ru-Cd), 5d (Os-Hg) transition metal-decorated Nb2S2C monolayers were systematically studied as potential single-atom low-temperature CO oxidation reactions by performing first-principles calculations. Sulfur vacancies essential stabilizing the metals surface of defective Nb2S2C. After estimating structure stability, aggregation trend...