Abstract Introduction Levels of plant-based aeroallergens are rising as growing seasons lengthen and intensify with anthropogenic climate change. Increased exposure to pollens could increase risk for mortality from respiratory causes, particularly among older adults. We determined short-term, lag associations four species classes pollen (ragweed, deciduous trees, grass evergreen trees) (all cause, chronic infectious related) in Michigan, USA. Methods obtained records all Michigan deaths...

Malaria is a major health concern for many developing countries. Designing strategies efficient distribution of malaria medications, such as Artemesinin Combination Therapies, key challenge in resource constrained This paper develops solution methodology that integrates strategic‐level and tactical‐level models to better manage pharmaceutical through three‐tier centralized system, which common sub‐Saharan African At the strategic level, we develop two‐stage stochastic programming approach...

Introduction: Short-term exposures to air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been associated with increased risk for symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Less well understood is how long-term fine PM (PM2.5) might increase ARIs and their symptoms. This research uses georeferenced Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from Kenya (2014) along a remote sensing based raster PM2.5 concentrations test associations between exposure ARI in children up 12 monthly lags....

The emergence of SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) had wide impacts to health and mortality prompted unprecedented containment efforts. full impact the COVID-19 pandemic resulting responses on mental substance abuse related are unknown.We obtained records for deaths from suicide, alcohol liver failure, overdose Michigan Department Health Human Services (MDHHS) 2006 2020. We compared within sex, age, marital, racial urban/rural groups using basic statistical methods. standardized mean daily incidence...

The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation temperature events has been increasing over the past decades. These changes could impact daily exposure to high concentrations pollutants like SO2, NO2, Ozone particulate matter (PMx), exacerbating risks for numerous health problems. We used monitor based measurements seven common raster climate datasets test associations with pollutant levels years 2005 2022. Concentrations change data were mapped using latitude longitude locations...

Abstract Background The urban–rural designation has been an important risk factor in infectious disease epidemiology. Many studies rely on a politically determined dichotomization of rural versus urban spaces, which fails to capture the complex mosaic infrastructural, social and environmental factors driving risk. Such evaluation is especially for Plasmodium transmission malaria disease. To improve targeting anti-malarial interventions, continuous composite measure urbanicity using...

Abstract Background The Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria (AMFm) is a pilot supra-national subsidy program that aims to increase access and affordability of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in public sector clinics private retail shops. It unclear what extent the AMFm model will translate into wide scale availability price reductions ACT, particularly rural, remote areas where disparities medicines often exist. This study first rigorously examine subsidized ACT during year AMFm,...

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Query fever (Q fever), is among most highly infectious zoonotic pathogens transmitted livestock, with chronic effects challenging to veterinary and medical detection care systems. Transmission domestic livestock species can vary regionally due herd management practices that determine which are raised, whether or not in contact wildlife, susceptibility these infection. To explore how different associated risk infection multispecies environments, we...

Snakebites are a major cause of permanent injury and death among poor, rural populations in developing countries, including those East Africa. This research characterizes snakebite incidence, risk factors, subsequent health-seeking behaviors two regions Kenya using mixed methods approach.As part regular activities health demographic surveillance system, household-level survey on incidence was conducted areas Kenya: Kwale along the Kenyan Coast Mbita Lake Victoria. If someone home reported to...

Health ministries and providers are rapidly scaling up insecticide-treated nets (ITN) distribution to control malaria, yet possession proper use typically remain below targeted levels. In Malawi, health facilities (HFs) currently the principal points of ITN distribution, making it important understand how access these sources affects ownership, possession, use. The authors evaluated association between proximity HFs or among Malawian children six 59 months age. A household malaria survey...

Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are an integral piece of any malaria elimination strategy, but compliance remains a challenge and determinants use vary by location context. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is tool to explore perceptions beliefs about ITN use. Insights from the model can be used increase coverage control transmission in island contexts. A mixed methods study consisting questionnaire interviews was carried out July 2012 on two islands Vanuatu: Ambae Island where continues occur...

Community engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. malaria (ME) on Aneityum Island been sustained since its introduction the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population led a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for innovative actions capacity development efforts taken realize sustain meaningful changes well-being. This study used HET framework investigate participant perceptions of ME island...

Household flooding has wide ranging social, economic and public health impacts particularly for people in resource poor communities. The determinants outcomes of recurrent home urban contexts, however, are not well understood. A household survey was used to assess neighborhood level Detroit, MI. Survey activities were conducted from 2012 2020. Researchers collected information on past flooding, housing conditions outcomes. Using the locations homes, a "hot spot" analysis performed find areas...

Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have proven instrumental in the successful reduction of malaria incidence holoendemic regions during past decade. As distribution ITNs throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is being scaled up, maintaining maximal levels coverage will be necessary to sustain current gains. The effectiveness mass ITNs, requires careful analysis successes and failures if impacts are sustained over long term.Mass a rural Kenyan community along Lake Victoria was performed early 2011....

SUMMARY Children who sleep on the floor are less likely to use long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs); however, relationship between sleeping location and Plasmodium falciparum infection has not been investigated sufficiently. This study revealed whether (bed vs floor) is associated with P. among children 7–59 months old. More than 60% of slept floor. Younger were significantly more in beds [odds ratio, OR 2·31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2·02–2·67)]. Nearly 70% under LLINs previous night....

Providencia alcalifaciens is an emerging bacterial pathogen known to cause acute gastroenteritis in children and travelers. In July 2013, P. was isolated from four appearing for diarrhea at Kiambu District Hospital (KDH) Kenya. This study describes the outbreak investigation, which aimed identify source mechanisms of infection. We identified seven primary secondary cases. Among cases were mothers who had experienced mild after eating mashed potatoes. The reported feeding visiting toilet...

Objective Determine the early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department (ED) encounters for suicide attempt and intentional self-harm at a regional tertiary academic medical centre in Washtenaw County, Michigan, which is one wealthier more diverse counties state. Methods Interrupted time series analysis daily ED from October 2015 through 2020 (subject n=3002; 62% female; 78% Caucasian) using an autoregressive integrated moving average modelling approach. Results There were 39.9%...

Background The Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria (AMFm) is a pilot program that uses price subsidies to increase access Artemisinin Combination Therapies (ACTs), currently the most effective malaria treatment. Recent evidence suggests availability and affordability of ACTs in retail sector drug shops (where many people treat malaria) has increased under AMFm, but it unclear whether household level ACT use increased. Methods Findings Household surveys were conducted two remote regions...

Abstract A sizeable proportion of households is forced to share single long-lasting insecticide treated net (LLIN). However, the relationship between increasing numbers people sharing a and risk for Plasmodium infection unclear. This study revealed whether falciparum associated with number LLIN in holoendemic area Kenya. Children ⩽5 years age were tested P. using polymerase chain reaction. Of 558 children surveyed, 293 (52.5%) positive parasitaemia. Four hundred fifty-eight (82.1%) reported...